{
  "author": "Daniel Mota-Rojas; Alexandra L. Whittaker; Lydia Lanzoni; Cécile Bienboire-Frosini; Adriana Domínguez-Oliva; Alfonso Chay-Canul; Vivian Fischer; Ismael Hernández-Avalos; Andrea Bragaglio; Eleonora Nannoni; Adriana Olmos-Hernández; Arthur Fernandes Bettencourt; Patricia Mora-Medina; Julio Martínez-Burnes; Alejandro Casas-Alvarado; Temple Grandin",
  "citations": [
    {
      "raw_text": "Mota-Rojas D, Whittaker AL, Lanzoni L, Bienboire-Frosini C, Domínguez-Oliva A, Chay-Canul A, Fischer V, Hernández-Avalos I, Bragaglio A, Nannoni E, Olmos-Hernández A, Fernandes Bettencourt A, Mora-Medina P, Martínez-Burnes J, Casas-Alvarado A and Grandin T (2025) Clinical interpretation of body language and behavioral modifications to recognize pain in domestic mammals. Front. Vet. Sci. 12:1679966. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1679966",
      "title": "Clinical interpretation of body language and behavioral modifications to recognize pain in domestic mammals",
      "authors": "Daniel Mota-Rojas; Alexandra L. Whittaker; Lydia Lanzoni; Cécile Bienboire-Frosini; Adriana Domínguez-Oliva; Alfonso Chay-Canul; Vivian Fischer; Ismael Hernández-Avalos; Andrea Bragaglio; Eleonora Nannoni; Adriana Olmos-Hernández; Arthur Fernandes Bettencourt; Patricia Mora-Medina; Julio Martínez-Burnes; Alejandro Casas-Alvarado; Temple Grandin",
      "publication_year": 2025,
      "doi": "10.3389/fvets.2025.1679966",
      "confidence": 1
    }
  ],
  "confidence": 1,
  "doc_type": "Review",
  "id": 9,
  "language": "en",
  "publication_date": "15 October 2025",
  "source_type": "file",
  "source_uri": "file:///home/pi/welfare_docs/Animals Assured/Research/Pig Castrate/1e77faf92425e70320c4b7dc9af4db6c43ca.pdf",
  "summary": "This review critically analyses behavioural modifications and body language, specifically tail position, ear posture, and postural dynamics, to recognise pain in domestic mammals. It highlights the role of veterinarians and animal scientists in early detection and effective pain management.",
  "title": "Clinical interpretation of body language and behavioral modifications to recognize pain in domestic mammals"
}