{
  "author": "Meredith Sheil; Adam Polkinghorne",
  "citations": [
    {
      "raw_text": "Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 2021 (134) 1–10 (2021) DOI 10.2376/1439-0299-2020-38 © 2021 Schlütersche Fachmedien GmbH ISSN 1439-0299",
      "title": "Optimal pain indicators for field trial assessment of analgesic efficacy in piglets undergoing surgical castration",
      "authors": "Meredith Sheil; Adam Polkinghorne",
      "publication_year": 2021,
      "doi": "10.2376/1439-0299-2020-38",
      "url": "https://www.vetline.de/berliner-und-muenchener-tieraerztliche-wochen-schrift-open-access",
      "confidence": 0.98
    }
  ],
  "confidence": 0.95,
  "doc_type": "Journal Article",
  "id": 74,
  "language": "en",
  "publication_date": "2021-03-15",
  "source_type": "file",
  "source_uri": "file:///home/pi/welfare_docs/Old docs/1_Specific Product Assurance/Trisolfen/Pig Castration/Studies/10.23761439-0299-2020-38-Sheil_0.pdf",
  "summary": "This paper reviews methods for assessing pain in piglets undergoing surgical castration, highlighting the lack of 'gold-standard' measures. It finds that nociceptive motor and vocal responses, direct observation of pain-related behaviours, and mechanical sensory testing are the most reliable indicators.",
  "title": "Optimal pain indicators for field trial assessment of analgesic efficacy in piglets undergoing surgical castration"
}