{
  "author": "Mathilde Coutant; Jens Malmkvist; Marianne Kaiser; Leslie Foldager; Mette S. Herskin",
  "citations": [
    {
      "raw_text": "Coutant M, Malmkvist J, Kaiser M, Foldager L and Herskin MS (2022) Piglets’ acute responses to local anesthetic injection and surgical castration: Effects of the injection method and interval between injection and castration. Front. Vet. Sci. 9:1009858. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1009858",
      "title": "Piglets’ acute responses to local anesthetic injection and surgical castration: Effects of the injection method and interval between injection and castration",
      "authors": "Coutant M; Malmkvist J; Kaiser M; Foldager L; Herskin MS",
      "publication_year": 2022,
      "doi": "10.3389/fvets.2022.1009858",
      "confidence": 1
    }
  ],
  "confidence": 1,
  "doc_type": "Original Research",
  "id": 30,
  "language": "English",
  "publication_date": "29 September 2022",
  "source_type": "file",
  "source_uri": "file:///home/pi/welfare_docs/Animals Assured/Research/Pig Castrate/fvets-09-1009858.pdf",
  "summary": "This study examined the effects of procaine injection methods (intra-funicular vs. intra-testicular) and intervals (2.5, 5, 10, 30 min) on acute responses of 3–4 day old piglets to castration. It found 5–10 min after intra-testicular injection preferable, but piglets still showed pain/stress, and handling alone caused stress. The overall welfare benefit is arguable.",
  "title": "Piglets’ acute responses to local anesthetic injection and surgical castration: Effects of the injection method and interval between injection and castration"
}