piglets: behavioral and physiological responses over the subsequent 5 days. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 82, 201–218 (2003). 46. Moya, S. L., Boyle, L. A., Lynch, P. B. & Arkins, S. Effect of surgical castration on the behavioural and acute phase responses of 5-day-old piglets. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 111 (1–2), 133–145 (2008). 47. Taylor, A. A., Weary, D. M., Lessard, M. & Braithwaite, L. Behavioural responses of piglets to castration: the effect of piglet age. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 73, 35–43 (2001). 48. Manteca, X., Da Silva, C. A., Bridi, A. M. & Dias, C. P. Animal welfare: concepts and practical procedures to evaluate the swine productions systems. Sem. Ciências Agrárias (Londrina) 34 (2), 4213–4229 (2013). 49. Broom, D. M. The use of the concept animal welfare in European conventions, regulations and directives. Food Chain 148–151 (2001). 50. Broom, D. M. Coping, stress and welfare. Coping with challenge: Welfare in animals including humans, 1–9. (2001). 51. Barnett, J. L. & Hemsworth, P. H. The validity of physiological and behavioural measures of animal welfare. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 25 (1–2), 177–187 (1990). 52. Wemelsfelder, F. & Putten, G. Van. Behaviour as a possible indicator for pain in piglets. (1985). 53. Herskin, M. S. & Di Giminiani, P. Pain in pigs: characterisation, mechanisms and indicators. Adv. Pig Welf. 325–355 (2018). 54. Parsons, R. L. et al. Sow behavioral responses to transient, chemically induced synovitis lameness. Acta Agric. Scand. A: Anim. Sci. 65, 122–125 (2015). 55. Norscia, I., Collarini, E. & Cordoni, G. Anxiety behavior in pigs (Sus scrofa) decreases through affiliation and may anticipate threat. Front. Vet. Sci. 8, 630164 (2021). 56. Arendt-Nielsen, L. et al. Assessment and manifestation of central
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piglets: behavioral and physiological responses over the subsequent 5 days. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 82, 201–218 (2003). 46. Moya, S. L., Boyle, L. A., Lynch, P. B. & Arkins, S. Effect of surgical castration on the behavioural and acute phase responses of 5-day-old piglets. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 111 (1–2), 133–145 (2008). 47. Taylor, A. A., Weary, D. M., Lessard, M. & Braithwaite, L. Behavioural responses of piglets to castration: the effect of piglet age. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 73, 35–43 (2001). 48. Manteca, X., Da Silva, C. A., Bridi, A. M. & Dias, C. P. Animal welfare: concepts and practical procedures to evaluate the swine productions systems. Sem. Ciências Agrárias (Londrina) 34 (2), 4213–4229 (2013). 49. Broom, D. M. The use of the concept animal welfare in European conventions, regulations and directives. Food Chain 148–151 (2001). 50. Broom, D. M. Coping, stress and welfare. Coping with challenge: Welfare in animals including humans, 1–9. (2001). 51. Barnett, J. L. & Hemsworth, P. H. The validity of physiological and behavioural measures of animal welfare. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 25 (1–2), 177–187 (1990). 52. Wemelsfelder, F. & Putten, G. Van. Behaviour as a possible indicator for pain in piglets. (1985). 53. Herskin, M. S. & Di Giminiani, P. Pain in pigs: characterisation, mechanisms and indicators. Adv. Pig Welf. 325–355 (2018). 54. Parsons, R. L. et al. Sow behavioral responses to transient, chemically induced synovitis lameness. Acta Agric. Scand. A: Anim. Sci. 65, 122–125 (2015). 55. Norscia, I., Collarini, E. & Cordoni, G. Anxiety behavior in pigs (Sus scrofa) decreases through affiliation and may anticipate threat. Front. Vet. Sci. 8, 630164 (2021). 56. Arendt-Nielsen, L. et al. Assessment and manifestation of central
…production profitability, is of entire male pigs is a common practice in Spain and controversial among consumers, who pay increasing at- Portugal, whereas Ukraine, Poland, the Czech Republic, tention to animal welfare…
…production profitability, is of entire male pigs is a common practice in Spain and controversial among consumers, who pay increasing at- Portugal, whereas Ukraine, Poland, the Czech Republic, tention to animal welfare…
…Animal Welfare Aspects of Preventing Boar Taint Mette Giersing*, Jan Ladewig and Björn Forkman Address: Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark * Corresponding author from Prevention of Boar Taint in Pig Production: The…
…Animal Welfare Aspects of Preventing Boar Taint Mette Giersing*, Jan Ladewig and Björn Forkman Address: Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark * Corresponding author from Prevention of Boar Taint in Pig Production: The…
pigs in a matched case-control study. Anim Welf. 61. grosse Beilage E. Schulterulkus Bei Sauen - Ein unterschätztes Tierschutzprob- 2013;22(3):331–8. https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.22.3.331. lem. Praktische Tierarzt. 2015;96:291–8. 85. Bolhuis JE, Schouten WGP, Schrama JW, Wiegant VM. Behavioural develop- 62. Herskin MS, Di Giminiani P. 11 - Pain in pigs: Characterisation, mechanisms ment of pigs with different coping characteristics in barren and substrate- and indicators. In: Špinka M, editor. Advances in Pig Welfare. Woodhead enriched housing conditions. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2005;93(3):213–28. https: Publishing; 2018. pp. 325–55. //doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2005.01.006. 63. Rosendal T, Nielsen JP. Risk factors for the development of decubital ulcers 86. Wallgren T, Larsen A, Gunnarsson S. Tail posture as an Indicator of tail biting in over the scapula in sows. Hamburg, Germany: IPVS; 2004. Undocked Finishing pigs. Animals. 2019;9(1):18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9 64. Bonde M, Rousing T, Badsberg JH, Sørensen JT. Associations between 010018. lying-down behaviour problems and body condition, limb disorders and 87. Madey-Rindermann D. Ohrbeißen Beim Schwein – Ursachen, Dynamik Und skin lesions of lactating sows housed in farrowing crates in commercial sow Lösungsansätze. veterinär Spiegel.
pigs in a matched case-control study. Anim Welf. 61. grosse Beilage E. Schulterulkus Bei Sauen - Ein unterschätztes Tierschutzprob- 2013;22(3):331–8. https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.22.3.331. lem. Praktische Tierarzt. 2015;96:291–8. 85. Bolhuis JE, Schouten WGP, Schrama JW, Wiegant VM. Behavioural develop- 62. Herskin MS, Di Giminiani P. 11 - Pain in pigs: Characterisation, mechanisms ment of pigs with different coping characteristics in barren and substrate- and indicators. In: Špinka M, editor. Advances in Pig Welfare. Woodhead enriched housing conditions. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2005;93(3):213–28. https: Publishing; 2018. pp. 325–55. //doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2005.01.006. 63. Rosendal T, Nielsen JP. Risk factors for the development of decubital ulcers 86. Wallgren T, Larsen A, Gunnarsson S. Tail posture as an Indicator of tail biting in over the scapula in sows. Hamburg, Germany: IPVS; 2004. Undocked Finishing pigs. Animals. 2019;9(1):18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9 64. Bonde M, Rousing T, Badsberg JH, Sørensen JT. Associations between 010018. lying-down behaviour problems and body condition, limb disorders and 87. Madey-Rindermann D. Ohrbeißen Beim Schwein – Ursachen, Dynamik Und skin lesions of lactating sows housed in farrowing crates in commercial sow Lösungsansätze. veterinär Spiegel.
us) are raised worldwide for commercial or research p urposes1,2. During their lifetime, 3,4 pigs are routinely submitted to painful p rocedures , with castration commonly performed on most male pigs in commercial and research settings to improve meat quality and reduce the risk of injury associated with aggression5,6. Despite the immunocastration raising popularity in the global swine industry7, studies estimated that 61% of European male p igs8 and up to 94 million male piglets in the United S tates9 are surgically castrated annually. In a production context, painful conditions such as surgical castration can decrease performance and result in poor weight gain10, while in experimental frameworks, pain experienced by the animal can add bias to the scientific research r esults11. Regardless of either scenario, the pig’s welfare is compromised thus presenting ilemma11 that needs to be addressed both on-farm and in the laboratory4,12. an ethical and legal d Pain is defined as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage”13. For humans, the gold-standard method for pain assessment is through self-reporting14, however, in non-verbal animals, such as swine, methods to assess pain vary and include deviations to the animal’s physiological (e.g. infrared t hermography15, cortisol16 and prostaglandin-217) and behavioral response to post-painful procedure (e.g. pain s cales18–21, time b udget16,22–27, frequency of pain- associated behavioral e xpression16,24,27–29). Behavioral pain assessment is considered more favorable given it is non-intrusive, non-invasive, cost-effective, and easier to assess across diverse farm or laboratory s
us) are raised worldwide for commercial or research p urposes1,2. During their lifetime, 3,4 pigs are routinely submitted to painful p rocedures , with castration commonly performed on most male pigs in commercial and research settings to improve meat quality and reduce the risk of injury associated with aggression5,6. Despite the immunocastration raising popularity in the global swine industry7, studies estimated that 61% of European male p igs8 and up to 94 million male piglets in the United S tates9 are surgically castrated annually. In a production context, painful conditions such as surgical castration can decrease performance and result in poor weight gain10, while in experimental frameworks, pain experienced by the animal can add bias to the scientific research r esults11. Regardless of either scenario, the pig’s welfare is compromised thus presenting ilemma11 that needs to be addressed both on-farm and in the laboratory4,12. an ethical and legal d Pain is defined as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage”13. For humans, the gold-standard method for pain assessment is through self-reporting14, however, in non-verbal animals, such as swine, methods to assess pain vary and include deviations to the animal’s physiological (e.g. infrared t hermography15, cortisol16 and prostaglandin-217) and behavioral response to post-painful procedure (e.g. pain s cales18–21, time b udget16,22–27, frequency of pain- associated behavioral e xpression16,24,27–29). Behavioral pain assessment is considered more favorable given it is non-intrusive, non-invasive, cost-effective, and easier to assess across diverse farm or laboratory s