Chad

…Nigeria, Chad, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo and Equatorial Guinea. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of Cameroon is estimated at USD3,700 (CIA, 2017). The approximately 7.1 million…

…Nigeria, Chad, Central African Asia (Windsor et al., 2020). The wound and lesion dressing formu- Republic, Republic of Congo and Equatorial Guinea. The gross do- lation contains two local anaesthetics (lignocaine and…

4.5 b 2.3 a 4.9 a 4.6 b 4.9 b 3.8 b 4.9 b 4.3 b 3.5 b 27/64 87/6 66/15 51/25 University 3.0 5.4 b 4.7 b 3.4 a 5.3 c 5.8 c 4.7 c 4.7 b 2.4 a 5.2 b 5.0 c 4.8 b 4.4 c 5.3 c 4.5 b 3.0 a 35/59 91/5 74/14 50/35 Profession 3 No 2.7 a 5.2 a 4.5 a 3.6 b 4.7 a 5.4 a 4.4 a 4.4 a 2.3 a 5.0 a 4.7 a 4.7 3.9 a 5.0 a 4.3 a 3.3 b 27/65 87/6 68/15 48/31 Yes 3.5 b 5.6 b 4.8 b 3.2 a 5.9 b 6.1 b 5.0 b 4.9 b 2.7 b 5.3 b 5.2 b 4.8 4.9 b 5.6 b 4.7 b 2.8 a 48/48 92/5 78/13 51/40 Supply 3.8 5.7 4.8 3.2 5.9 6.0 4.9 5.0 3.2 5.2 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.5 4.8 3.0 52/43 90/7 77/12 50/37 Farm 4.1 5.5 4.3 2.9 5.6 5.8 4.5 4.4 3.6 5.3 4.8 4.2 5.0 5.4 4.3 2.8 61/33 92/4 70/19 43/49 Veterinarian 3.4 5.5 5.1 3.0 6.0 6.2 5.3 5.0 2.6 5.2 5.4 4.6 4.8 5.6 4.8 2.6 50/48 89/10 86/11 49/47 Processing 3.7 5.4 4.2 2.5 5.3 5.9 4.5 3.9 3.1 5.6 4.8 3.9 4.8 5.7 4.4 2.4 47/46 92/4 70/17 29/61 Retail/butcher 3.2 5.0 4.8 2.7 5.2 5.6 4.9 4.1 2.6 4.9 5.0 4.3 4.3 5.1 4.5 2.8 38/60 95/5 77/11 43/46 Researcher 3.4 5.8 4.9 3.6 6.2 6.3 5.2 5.5 2.5 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.7 4.9 2.8 46/52 95/4 82/12 63/30 Familiarity No 2.5 a 5.1 a 4.6 c 3.7 c 4.7 a 5.4 a 4.6 b 4.6 b 2.2 a 4.9 a 4.8 b 4.8 b 3.8 a 4.9 a 4.4 b 3.3 c 24/69 87/6 73/12 52/28 Contact 3.3 b 5.5 b 4.5 b 3.4 b 5.4 b 5.8 b 4.6 b 4.7 b 2.6 b 5.3 b 4.9 ab 4.9 b 4.5 b 5.4 b 4.4 ab 3.0 b 40/53 90/5 68/17 49/37 Farm 3.8 c 5.5 b 4.3 a 3.0 a 5.4 b 5.7 b 4.4 a 4.2 a 3.0 c 5.3 b 4.7 a 4.4 a 4.7 b 5.3 b 4.2 a 2.7 a 50/44 91/5 65/20 40/46 OVERALL 2.9 5.3 4.5 3.5 5.0 5.5 4.6 4.6 2.4 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.1 5.1 4.4 3.1 32/61 89/6 71/14 49/33 RMSE 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.0 a,b different superscripts indicate significant differences within demographic variables per option (p < 0.05) 1 Statements were scored on a scale from 1 (totally disagree) to 7 (totally agree) “If the

tor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

tor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

oler and centrifuged (2,000 × g for 15 min at 4°C) within eight hours of collection to separate serum. The serum was then aliquoted into 1.5ml Axygen® microcentrifuge tubes (Axygen Scientific, Corning, NY) at − 80°C. The assays for the biomarker analysis were completed six to nine months post-collection. PGE2 concentrations were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; catalog No. 514531; Cayman Chemical) following the method described by Giorgi et al., (2011). Briefly, serum samples were purified by adding ice-cold acetone (4x the serum volume), followed by incubation at − 20° C for 30 minutes and centrifugation (3,000 x g for 5 minutes). The supernatant was transferred to a 13 x 100-mm glass tube, evaporated using a CentriVap concentrator (Labconco), and reconstituted to the original serum volume with kit buffer. An aliquot of the reconstituted sample was derivatized with adjusted kit components and the manufacturer’s protocol were followed. Samples were analyzed in duplicate, and absorbance was measured at 405 nm following 60 minutes of development (SpectraMax i3; Molecular Devices). The mean PGE2 concentration of a reference sample used for repeatability assessment was 12.42 pg/ml (range: 9.90–15.60 pg/mL), with an inter-assay coefficient of variation of 8.61% (Merenda et al., 2022). Haptoglobin concentrations were determined using the Tridelta Phase® Haptoglobin Assay (catalog No. TP-801; Tridelta Development Ltd., Maynooth, Ireland). The assay utilized Haemoglobin (reagent 1), Chromogen (reagent 2), calibrator/sample diluent, and calibrator (microplate method). A standard curve was generated for each assay using haptoglobin standards at 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.312, and 0 mg/mL. The Page 5/20 assay procedure involved

oler and centrifuged (2,000 × g for 15 min at 4°C) within eight hours of collection to separate serum. The serum was then aliquoted into 1.5ml Axygen® microcentrifuge tubes (Axygen Scientific, Corning, NY) at − 80°C. The assays for the biomarker analysis were completed six to nine months post-collection. PGE2 concentrations were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; catalog No. 514531; Cayman Chemical) following the method described by Giorgi et al., (2011). Briefly, serum samples were purified by adding ice-cold acetone (4x the serum volume), followed by incubation at − 20° C for 30 minutes and centrifugation (3,000 x g for 5 minutes). The supernatant was transferred to a 13 x 100-mm glass tube, evaporated using a CentriVap concentrator (Labconco), and reconstituted to the original serum volume with kit buffer. An aliquot of the reconstituted sample was derivatized with adjusted kit components and the manufacturer’s protocol were followed. Samples were analyzed in duplicate, and absorbance was measured at 405 nm following 60 minutes of development (SpectraMax i3; Molecular Devices). The mean PGE2 concentration of a reference sample used for repeatability assessment was 12.42 pg/ml (range: 9.90–15.60 pg/mL), with an inter-assay coefficient of variation of 8.61% (Merenda et al., 2022). Haptoglobin concentrations were determined using the Tridelta Phase® Haptoglobin Assay (catalog No. TP-801; Tridelta Development Ltd., Maynooth, Ireland). The assay utilized Haemoglobin (reagent 1), Chromogen (reagent 2), calibrator/sample diluent, and calibrator (microplate method). A standard curve was generated for each assay using haptoglobin standards at 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.312, and 0 mg/mL. The Page 5/20 assay procedure involved

4.5 b 2.3 a 4.9 a 4.6 b 4.9 b 3.8 b 4.9 b 4.3 b 3.5 b 27/64 87/6 66/15 51/25 University 3.0 5.4 b 4.7 b 3.4 a 5.3 c 5.8 c 4.7 c 4.7 b 2.4 a 5.2 b 5.0 c 4.8 b 4.4 c 5.3 c 4.5 b 3.0 a 35/59 91/5 74/14 50/35 Profession 3 No 2.7 a 5.2 a 4.5 a 3.6 b 4.7 a 5.4 a 4.4 a 4.4 a 2.3 a 5.0 a 4.7 a 4.7 3.9 a 5.0 a 4.3 a 3.3 b 27/65 87/6 68/15 48/31 Yes 3.5 b 5.6 b 4.8 b 3.2 a 5.9 b 6.1 b 5.0 b 4.9 b 2.7 b 5.3 b 5.2 b 4.8 4.9 b 5.6 b 4.7 b 2.8 a 48/48 92/5 78/13 51/40 Supply 3.8 5.7 4.8 3.2 5.9 6.0 4.9 5.0 3.2 5.2 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.5 4.8 3.0 52/43 90/7 77/12 50/37 Farm 4.1 5.5 4.3 2.9 5.6 5.8 4.5 4.4 3.6 5.3 4.8 4.2 5.0 5.4 4.3 2.8 61/33 92/4 70/19 43/49 Veterinarian 3.4 5.5 5.1 3.0 6.0 6.2 5.3 5.0 2.6 5.2 5.4 4.6 4.8 5.6 4.8 2.6 50/48 89/10 86/11 49/47 Processing 3.7 5.4 4.2 2.5 5.3 5.9 4.5 3.9 3.1 5.6 4.8 3.9 4.8 5.7 4.4 2.4 47/46 92/4 70/17 29/61 Retail/butcher 3.2 5.0 4.8 2.7 5.2 5.6 4.9 4.1 2.6 4.9 5.0 4.3 4.3 5.1 4.5 2.8 38/60 95/5 77/11 43/46 Researcher 3.4 5.8 4.9 3.6 6.2 6.3 5.2 5.5 2.5 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.7 4.9 2.8 46/52 95/4 82/12 63/30 Familiarity No 2.5 a 5.1 a 4.6 c 3.7 c 4.7 a 5.4 a 4.6 b 4.6 b 2.2 a 4.9 a 4.8 b 4.8 b 3.8 a 4.9 a 4.4 b 3.3 c 24/69 87/6 73/12 52/28 Contact 3.3 b 5.5 b 4.5 b 3.4 b 5.4 b 5.8 b 4.6 b 4.7 b 2.6 b 5.3 b 4.9 ab 4.9 b 4.5 b 5.4 b 4.4 ab 3.0 b 40/53 90/5 68/17 49/37 Farm 3.8 c 5.5 b 4.3 a 3.0 a 5.4 b 5.7 b 4.4 a 4.2 a 3.0 c 5.3 b 4.7 a 4.4 a 4.7 b 5.3 b 4.2 a 2.7 a 50/44 91/5 65/20 40/46 OVERALL 2.9 5.3 4.5 3.5 5.0 5.5 4.6 4.6 2.4 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.1 5.1 4.4 3.1 32/61 89/6 71/14 49/33 RMSE 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.0 a,b different superscripts indicate significant differences within demographic variables per option (p < 0.05) 1 Statements were scored on a scale from 1 (totally disagree) to 7 (totally agree) “If the

seases in ruminants: a review. Vet. Med. 59, 163-168. DOI: 10.17221/7478-VETMED. Genetic Resources (2021) S1 International Congress on Sheep and Goats 68 Abstract book