…male piglets are still surgically castrated in the EU. Pain relief during and/or after surgery is increasingly used in some Western European countries to avoid suffering of the animals, but the…
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…male piglets are still surgically castrated in the EU. Pain relief during and/or after surgery is increasingly used in some Western European countries to avoid suffering of the animals, but the…
…A second and third analysis of variance used country and cluster as fixed effect, respectively. Statement variables were further analyzed using analysis of variance using country and alternative as fixed effects and…
…A second and third analysis of variance used country and cluster as fixed effect, respectively. Statement variables were further analyzed using analysis of variance using country and alternative as fixed effects and…
…market use in the EU in May 2009 (Zamaratskaia and Despite the many proven positive effects of immu- Rasmussen, 2015). According to the manufacturer’s nocastration, this method has certain drawbacks. These…
…market use in the EU in May 2009 (Zamaratskaia and Despite the many proven positive effects of immu- Rasmussen, 2015). According to the manufacturer’s nocastration, this method has certain drawbacks. These…
…Surgical castration is still practiced in many EU countries to avoid undesirable aggressive behavior and boar taint in male pigs. However, evidence shows that castration is painful and has a detrimental influence…
…Surgical castration is still practiced in many EU countries to avoid undesirable aggressive behavior and boar taint in male pigs. However, evidence shows that castration is painful and has a detrimental influence…
…Surgical castration is still practiced in many EU countries to avoid undesirable aggressive behavior and boar taint in male pigs. However, evidence shows that castration is painful and has a detrimental influence…
…Materials and Methods The study was performed in compliance with the EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments and the German Animal Welfare Act [32]. All procedures were approved by the…