ew & editing; M.D.P.G. Investigation and Writing—review & editing; Scientific Reports | (2023) 13:21237 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48551-1 9 Vol.:(0123456789) www.nature.com/scientificreports/ P.H.E.T. Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing—original draft and Writing—review & editing. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Funding The funding was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, 001, 002. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Additional information Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-023-48551-1. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to P.H.E.T. Reprints and permissions information is available at www.nature.com/reprints. Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the
Edgar G. Manzanilla
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ew & editing; M.D.P.G. Investigation and Writing—review & editing; Scientific Reports | (2023) 13:21237 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48551-1 9 Vol.:(0123456789) www.nature.com/scientificreports/ P.H.E.T. Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing—original draft and Writing—review & editing. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Funding The funding was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, 001, 002. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Additional information Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-023-48551-1. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to P.H.E.T. Reprints and permissions information is available at www.nature.com/reprints. Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the
…in the suckling period Joaquin Morales1* , Andre Dereu2, Alberto Manso1, Laura de Frutos1, Carlos Piñeiro1, Edgar G. Manzanilla3 and Niels Wuyts2 Abstract Background: Surgical castration is still practiced in many EU countries…
…in the suckling period Joaquin Morales1* , Andre Dereu2, Alberto Manso1, Laura de Frutos1, Carlos Piñeiro1, Edgar G. Manzanilla3 and Niels Wuyts2 Abstract Background: Surgical castration is still practiced in many EU countries…
…in the suckling period Joaquin Morales1* , Andre Dereu2, Alberto Manso1, Laura de Frutos1, Carlos Piñeiro1, Edgar G. Manzanilla3 and Niels Wuyts2 Abstract Background: Surgical castration is still practiced in many EU countries…
…in the suckling period Joaquin Morales1* , Andre Dereu2, Alberto Manso1, Laura de Frutos1, Carlos Piñeiro1, Edgar G. Manzanilla3 and Niels Wuyts2 Abstract Background: Surgical castration is still practiced in many EU countries…
…Pessoa J, Rodrigues da Costa M, García Manzanilla E, Norton T, McAloon C, 2021;271:105655. https://doi.org/10.101…
e FOS FOS staining staining intensity and frequency. (B) Area evaluated in the spinal cord. (C) Examples of different scores. intensity and frequency. (B) Area evaluated in the spinal cord. (C) Examples of different scores. The analysis 2.3. Statistical method was first established in a preliminary study (data not shown) to Analysis develop and define a scoring approach for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and stained 2.3.1. EEG tissue sections. The staining intensity (none, slight, moderate, or strong) and the percentage The power of positive spectral neuronal density nuclei in bothof dorsal the selected horns EEG of theepisodes was calculated spinal cords with the were calculated. A MATLAB semiquantitative score including these two parameters (Figure 1A) was applied. from pwelch function and a frequency resolution of 0.25 Hz for the pooled data Four the interdigital different segmentspinch stimulus (L1, and 1S1-3) L2, L3, and Hz for the data in each recorded animal were evaluated. to other in responseThe resultsstimuli. of this Because evaluationof the larger clearly sample showed thesize in thescores highest pooledingroup for thecastrated the animals withoutwe pinch stimulus, decided pain relief. to useitawas Thus, higher frequency decided resolution to proceed to methodological with this better describe approach. the response. Density spectral arrays were also constructed, and the results are presented as heatmaps to depict the temporal evolution of the spectral EEG features. The DSA was derived from 5-s EEG episodes overlapping by 4 s. The results are presented as changes in the EEG power relative to a prestimulus baseline defined as the episode 50–40 s before the stimulus. The poststimulus value was divided by the prestimulus value. Thus, a value <1 indicates
e FOS FOS staining staining intensity and frequency. (B) Area evaluated in the spinal cord. (C) Examples of different scores. intensity and frequency. (B) Area evaluated in the spinal cord. (C) Examples of different scores. The analysis 2.3. Statistical method was first established in a preliminary study (data not shown) to Analysis develop and define a scoring approach for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and stained 2.3.1. EEG tissue sections. The staining intensity (none, slight, moderate, or strong) and the percentage The power of positive spectral neuronal density nuclei in bothof dorsal the selected horns EEG of theepisodes was calculated spinal cords with the were calculated. A MATLAB semiquantitative score including these two parameters (Figure 1A) was applied. from pwelch function and a frequency resolution of 0.25 Hz for the pooled data Four the interdigital different segmentspinch stimulus (L1, and 1S1-3) L2, L3, and Hz for the data in each recorded animal were evaluated. to other in responseThe resultsstimuli. of this Because evaluationof the larger clearly sample showed thesize in thescores highest pooledingroup for thecastrated the animals withoutwe pinch stimulus, decided pain relief. to useitawas Thus, higher frequency decided resolution to proceed to methodological with this better describe approach. the response. Density spectral arrays were also constructed, and the results are presented as heatmaps to depict the temporal evolution of the spectral EEG features. The DSA was derived from 5-s EEG episodes overlapping by 4 s. The results are presented as changes in the EEG power relative to a prestimulus baseline defined as the episode 50–40 s before the stimulus. The poststimulus value was divided by the prestimulus value. Thus, a value <1 indicates
…Pessoa J, Rodrigues da Costa M, García Manzanilla E, Norton T, McAloon C, 2021;271:105655. https://doi.org/10.101…