Finadyne

(Aftovax®) was conducted in 2015 in Ngaoundere, with observations that clinical infection of FMD appeared to have been prevented, although persistent infection occurred. Cattle owners in Cameroon routinely manage the disease using a range of therapies, including anti-inflammatory preparations, antibiotics and traditional formulations (Sevidzem et al., 2019a). In the absence of strategic preventive control programs, there are urgent needs for alternative FMD mana- gement options for endemic FMD-infected countries, including Cameroon. With affordable and efficacious vaccine candidates for managing FMD unlikely in the near future, the review and rationalizing of FMD therapies is advisable. Several topical treatments with ethno-veterinary and recognized veterinary pharma- ceuticals have been examined in FMD endemic settings in Africa (Gakuya et al., 2011; Misk et al., 2015; Fakhrul-Islam et al., 2016; Al-Lethie et al., 2018). However, the widespread use of parenteral antibiotics for FMD globally, including numerous countries in Africa and Cameroon in particular, presents antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and potential food safety residue risks that need to be addressed. Recently, an Australian wound dressing formulation, Tri-Solfen® (Medical Ethics Pty Ltd, Australia; TS) registered for use in cattle and small ruminant husbandry in Australia and New Zealand, was registered for FMD therapy in large ruminants in Laos in south east Asia (Windsor et al., 2020). The wound and lesion dressing formulation contains two local anaesthetics (lignocaine and bupivacaine), adrenalin and cetramide in a gel matrix that creates a barrier effect, numbing the pain of lesions, rapidly reducing their infectivity, and hastening healing, potentially reducing the weight loss in affected

ministration by farmers, this product could provide a viable cination, farmers are focused on treatment choices for affected cat- alternative approach for managing FMD in Cameroon, other African tle, with antibiotics and/or traditional therapies commonly used and countries and developing countries globally. This formulation offers prolonged periods for animals to recover. numerous advantages over current therapies as it provides effi- FMD is a most important global viral pathogen of artiodactyl cacious pain relief and more rapid healing of wounds and lesions farmed and wildlife animals. The disease is characterized by le- (Roberts & Windsor, 2019; Windsor et al., 2016, 2020). Further, sions in and around the mouth and feet (Fakhrul-Islam et al., 2016). with a pH of ~2.7, and containing the antiseptic cetrimide, it po- Globally, there are seven pools of circulating FMD viruses recog- tentially has viricidal impacts and anti-bacterial properties respec- nized. Each pool represents independently circulating and evolving tively, avoiding the need for other treatments, including antibiotics FMD virus (FMDV) genotypes. Within the pools, cycles of emer- (Windsor et al., 2020). gence and spread occur that usually affect multiple countries in the In November 2019, TS was provided to the Cameroon research region. In the absence of specific and laboratory-confirmed reports, team for trials during FMD outbreaks in cattle involving the extensive it should be assumed that the prevalent serotypes are continuously smallholder cattle raising system. There are three cattle husbandry circulating in parts of the pool area and would be detected if suffi- systems in Cameroon, including: (1) intensive, with animals raised in cient surveillance was in place. Cameroon sits in the West/Central

…8 mg/L adrenaline tartrate 5.0 g/L cetrimide 4, Flunixin + topical Fiunixin meglumine (Finadyne, Yes As per individual As per individual As per individual anaesthetic Schering-Plough, NSW) treatments treatments…

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tor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

tor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.