Finland

…the multi- gas module of a multiparameter anaesthesia monitor (Datex Ohmeda S5, GE Healthcare Finland OY, Helsinki, Finland). Isoflurane was reduced to maintain an FeISO of 1 Vol% [representing 0.8 MAC…

…Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 19. Coutant M, Malmkvist J, Foldager L, et al. Relationship among indicators 2 Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, of pain and stress…

…the multi- gas module of a multiparameter anaesthesia monitor (Datex Ohmeda S5, GE Healthcare Finland OY, Helsinki, Finland). Isoflurane was reduced to maintain an FeISO of 1 Vol% [representing 0.8 MAC…

…However, the piglet needs to be mercial piglet-producing farm in Southern Finland. The Hokkanen et al. Porcine Health Management (2025) 11:21

…Knife 8 + - + Cortisol determination Knife 8 + + + Plasma cortisol concentrations were determined using a commercia l Knife 8 + - + radioimmunoassay (Spectria Cortisol RIA, + Orion Diagnostica, Knife 8 + Espoo, Finland), adapted and validated for ovine…

…Absorbance was read with a Multiskan MS microplate reader (Labsystems, Helsinki, Finland). Sample concentrations were calculated by interpolation from the calibration curve generated with the kit calibrators, adjusting for the corresponding dilution…

…Cortisol determination The plasma cortisol concentrations were determined using a commercial radioimmunoassay (Spectria Cortisol RIA, Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland), adapted and validated for ovine plasma. Briefly, human serum standards were used as…

…Lithuania, Finland, and Sweden. With the growing demand for humane management of production animals, there is a societal expectation that any suffering from such aversive procedures is minimised. There is an urgent…

veterinarian), Sweden (by the farmer), and Switzerland (farmer/vet), while this practice was recently introduced in Denmark (2020, by the farmer) and will be introduced in Germany (2021 [3–6], farmer). In Bulgaria, castration with anaesthesia is applied by the vet at higher weights for home grown pigs. Production of boars is common in Spain, Portugal, Ireland, and United Kingdom, and since 2010, introduced in countries like the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. Immunocastration is applied to 5 up to 10% of the male piglets in a number of countries as well [4,7]. Figure 1. Currently applied production methods of male pigs for the countries included in this survey. Background colour indicates the main male pig production method and the dot indicates the additionally applied methods, whilst a star indicates the method as foreseen for implementation as main method in 2021 (source: based on [4], updated by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) consortium). In the recent past, surgical castration with application of analgesia or anaesthesia have been regarded as either a short-term solution or only applicable to specific pork production systems such as artisanally produced, high-quality pork products, or organic pig production. This practice faces challenges, such as the legal authorization for applying anaesthesia by the vet or farmer after training, and correct implementation in practice. Alternatives such as immunocastration or production of boars are practiced to some extent in a number of countries. However, these practices have not taken root in many countries for different reasons. For boar production, disadvantages are mainly related to pork quality, with boar taint as main issue. Boar taint is found in 5–10% of entire males, but prevalence

itek, J.; Candek-Potokar, M.; Djekic, I.; Getya, A.; Guerrero, L.; Ivanova, S.; Kusec, G.; Nakov, D.; et al. Attitudes and beliefs of eastern european consumers towards animal welfare. Animals 2020, 10, 17. [CrossRef] [PubMed] © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).