Fisher’s exact test

…Categorical urinalysis data were compared (proportions of animals/group in each category) using Fisher’s Exact Test across sex. Urinalysis data reported on a numerical scale (pH and specific gravity) were compared…

…Pre-weaning mortality was compared across treatments using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate. Histopathological scores were analyzed using non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis tests followed by Dunn’s post…

…Pre-weaning mortality was compared across treatments using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate. Histopathological scores were analyzed using non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis tests followed by Dunn’s post…

…Statistical analysis of ordinal data was performed with the Chi-square-test followed by Fisher’s exact test in case of cell values below 5. 3. Results 3.1. Pre-Trial The…

…Statistical analysis of ordinal data was performed with the Chi-square-test followed by Fisher’s exact test in case of cell values below 5. 3. Results 3.1. Pre-Trial The…

tistical analysis, groups were tested for changes in BP and HR, age and weight at castration. The distribution of all continuous parameters was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. For all…

tistical analysis, groups were tested for changes in BP and HR, age and weight at castration. The distribution of all continuous parameters was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. For all…

…the screening table Produce a short summary: - **Total screened:** X - **INCLUDE:** Y - **EXCLUDE:** Z (broken down by exclusion reason) - **UNCERTAIN:** W ## Verification reminder End every output with this exact line: > ⚠ AI abstract

…Percentages were compared by Pearson chi- lesions (papules, pustules, proliferations, crusts and erosions) square test and Fisher´s exact test. A difference was consid­ (Table 1). No differences were found in any…

ugh 4, or 1 through 3), for the particular combination of terms in the model. The model was fitted using the clmm function in the ordinal package of R (Christensen, 2019), and probability estimates obtained using the emmeans (Lenth, 2020) and RVAideMemoire (Hervé, 2020) packages in R. Binary data analysis The status of cattle being on pasture and cattle salivating (Yes = 1, No = 0) are binary outcomes, and for this, binary logistic mixed models were used to analyse these data. As above, fixed effects for Treatment, Day, Treatment × Day, Age, Breed and Sex, and a random effect for Animal ID were included in the model. The model was fitted using the glmer function in the lme4 package of R (Bates et al., 2015), and model-based means obtained using the emmeans package. Quantitative data analysis Lesion size (cm) was analysed using a linear mixed model, with fixed effects for Treatment, Day, Treatment × Day, Age, Breed and Sex, and a random effect for Animal ID. Model fitting was via the lmer function in the lme4, and model-based means obtained using the emmeans package. Event duration data (number of days that cattle are immobile, walk with difficulty, walk normally, on pasture, and salivating) were analysed using linear models with fixed effects for Treatment, Age, Breed and Sex. Due to the positive skew, a loge (y + 1) transformation was applied. However, with the large number of ‘zero’ durations, hypothesis testing was conducted with permutation tests rather than F -tests, using the aovperm function in the permuco package (Frossard & Renaud, 2019) in R. RESULTS 4 Of the 12 farmers enrolled into the 15-day treatment trial with three matched-cattle, each receiving a different treatment, the age and breed of the cattle recruited into each treatment group are