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Hereford beef calves

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Effect of a topical anaesthetic formulation on the cortisol response to surgical castration of unweaned beef calves 100%
D. McCarthy; S. Lomax; P. A. Windsor; P. J. White · file · #54

in a November 2013. The experimental protocol was approved by standing position while performing the procedure. Calves the institutional animal ethics committee (Approval No. were castrated standing up, instead of employing the use of 5832). Calves had not previously undergone any husbandry a calf cradle, to eliminate any potential stress associated with procedures. Calves were held with their mothers for 5 days lateral recumbency (Tagawa et al., 1994; Pesenhofer et al., before the experiment in a 4 ha paddock, adjacent to the 2006). Castration was performed using a technique that cattle handling facilities. During this time, cows and calves required initial transverse excision of the distal third of the had ad libitum access to water and pasture. Cows and calves scrotal skin with a sterilised knife. Each testis was manually were supplemented with lucerne hay daily due to low exteriorised by pulling from the tunica vaginalis, and the pasture levels in the holding paddock and to encourage a spermatic cord cut ~12 cm proximal to the head of the positive association with the experimental environment. epididymis. This method ensured that all tissue that had been Calves were ear-tagged 2 days before experimentation and handled or contaminated was exteriorised and removed weighed using cattle scales (Weigh scale and data recorder from the calf, reducing the chance of infection of retracted W810; Gallagher Group Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand). Calf material. For CTA calves, before removal of each testis, the BW ranged from 77 to 102 kg. Before ear-tagging, calves had exposed testicular tissue was coated with Tri-Solfen® by not been separated from their mothers and had minimal inserting the applicator nozzle along the spermatic cord exposure to humans. Calves were habituated to

Topical Application of Lidocaine and Bupivacaine to Disbudding Wounds in Dairy Calves: Safety, Toxicology and Wound Healing 93%
Meredith Sheil; Michael Chambers; Adam Polkinghorne; Brendan Sharpe · file · #64

en® 38.7 ± 0.53 128.4 ± 22.7 47.0 ± 10.6 Day −1 Placebo 38.8 ± 0.30 129.3 ± 20.0 41.5 ± 9.2 Tri-Solfen® 38.7 ± 0.36 128.5 ± 26.2 40.4 ± 11.0 Day 1 - - - Placebo 39.5 ± 0.50 125.1 ± 14.6 44.5 ± 10.2 Tri-Solfen® 39.1 ± 0.46 131.0 ± 20.7 43.7 ± 9.7 Day 7–8 Placebo 39.9 ± 0.52 117.1 ± 21.3 51.7 ± 19.5 Tri-Solfen® 39.9 ± 0.55 121.1 ± 27.2 50.7 ± 17.8 Day 11–12 Placebo 39.3 ± 0.51 123.8 ± 20.7 44.2 ± 10.9 Tri-Solfen® 39.1 ± 0.55 124.7 ± 19.4 43.1 ± 10.9 Calves were weighed on day −2, days 11–12, 21–22, and 33–34 and average daily gain was calculated on an individual animal basis over the assessment period. These results are presented in Table 5. There was a trend towards higher average daily gain in Tri-Solfen® - treated animals. Average daily gains were higher in the Tri-Solfen® treatment group at all time points, which was particularly notable at days 11–12 (p = 0.06). Table 5. Average daily gain (kg/day) in calves from each treatment group over time for Study 2. Average Daily Gain Average Daily Gain Average Daily Gain Group/Treatment (Day −2 to Day 11–12) (Day −2 to Day 21–22) (Day −2 to Day 33–34) kg/day kg/day kg/day Placebo 0.65 0.81 0.83 Tri-Solfen® 0.85 0.89 0.88 Treatment effect 0.20 0.08 0.05 (Average Daily Gain) Treatment effect (%) 31 10 6 One animal in the Tri-Solfen® treatment group was found dead in its pen on the morn- ing of day 1. A small amount of consolidated lung tissue was observed post mortem, sug- gestive of viral pneumonia, with no other abnormalities detected at necroscopy. No other serious adverse events or mortality occurred during the study. 3.2.3. Wound Healing Assessment Disbudding wounds were visually examined on days 7–8, 11–12, 21–22 and 33–34 and assessed for overall

The effect of a topical anesthetic on the sensitivity of calf dehorning wounds 16%
C. Espinoza; S. Lomax; P. Windsor · file · #40

s. 2% chance, or 3), and random effects were calf and time nested respectively; Table 1). within calf, to address clustering of the data. For all With stimulation of the wound using the 10-g von statistical calculations, P-values ≤0.05 were considered Frey monofilament, STA calves were more likely than statistically significant. SnoTA calves to show no response to stimulation at 1 and 40 min and 1.5 h postdehorning. At these time RESULTS points, SnoTA calves were 2, 4, and 3 times more likely, respectively, to show mild, moderate, or severe Overall responses than STA calves (Figure 3a). At 4 and 24 h postdehorning, probabilities between these 2 groups We observed a significant time and treatment inter- were similar. Although wound stimulation with the 300- action (P = 0.004) and significant effects of von Frey g von Frey monofilament was more likely to produce size (10 or 300 g; P < 0.001), area observed (head or more severe responses, stimulation produced similar rump; P < 0.001), side of head tested (left or right; P < 0.001) on the severity of calf responses to mechanical stimulation. No effect of area tested (wound or peri- wound; P = 0.076) or replicate (replicate 1, 2, or 3; P = 0.056) was observed. A high amount of between-calf variation was observed in responses. Time and Treatment Interaction The overall time and treatment interaction can be observed in Figure 2. Before treatment, all calves were 98% likely to display no response (Y = 0) to stimula- tion. Thereafter, CON calves remained highly likely (98–99%) to show no response to stimulation at all time points following sham-dehorning. Dehorned calves, re- gardless of treatment with or without topical anesthetic (SnoTA and STA calves), tended to show an increase in response severity over time, with