MSD

…Prophylactic systemic antibiotic treatment was given in the form of an in- tramuscular (IM) injection of 30 mg/kg of long-acting oxytetracycline (ENGEMICINA Animals 2023, 13, 407 D.D., MSD, MSD…

…Prophylactic systemic antibiotic treatment was given in the form of an in- tramuscular (IM) injection of 30 mg/kg of long-acting oxytetracycline (ENGEMICINA Animals 2023, 13, 407 D.D., MSD, MSD…

le 2). Animals in group D were treated daily with hypochlorous acid using the same technique as in group C, with lambs in group E serving as untreated controls. Table 2. Treatment and sampling schedule in lambs naturally affected by contagious ecthyma. Days Post-Treatment −1 0 4 8 10 20 Severity of the lesions A range of skin and oral lesions M-S treatment § 1M-S 2M-S 3M-S Blood sampling ‡ T0 T10 T20 § M-S = Multi-Solfen® ; 1M-S = first dose of treatment; 2M-S = second dose of treatment; 3M-S = third dose of treatment. Control group animals remained untreated. ‡ Blood samples were collected from treated and untreated lambs prior to treatment (T0) and 10 days (T10) and 20 days (T20) after the application of the first dose of treatment. For the present study, 12 lambs from group C (M-S treated) and 12 lambs from group E (control) were randomly selected. Blood samples without anticoagulant were collected by jugular venipuncture at three time points: the day before the first treatment (T0) and at 10 (T10) and 20 (T20) days after the first treatment (Table 2). Samples were processed to obtain sera, aliquoted and stored at –20 ◦ C until the measurement of SAA concentrations. 2.3. Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Concentration SAA concentrations were measured using a solid-phase sandwich ELISA kit (PHASE™ Serum Amyloid A Assay, Tridelta Development Ltd., Maynooth, Ireland) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Absorbance was read with a Multiskan MS microplate reader (Labsystems, Helsinki, Finland). Sample concentrations were calculated by interpolation from the calibration curve generated with the kit calibrators, adjusting for the corresponding dilution factor. All samples were analysed in duplicate, and the mean value was used. Samples with absorbance values

…After castration, a topical antibiotic was administered on the injury area Methods (oxytetracycline; Tenicol spray: MSD) for 5 s. Routine Animals, facilities and experimental design use of an antibiotic spray was used…

…After castration, a topical antibiotic was administered on the injury area Methods (oxytetracycline; Tenicol spray: MSD) for 5 s. Routine Animals, facilities and experimental design use of an antibiotic spray was used…

…After castration, a topical antibiotic was administered on the injury area Methods (oxytetracycline; Tenicol spray: MSD) for 5 s. Routine Animals, facilities and experimental design use of an antibiotic spray was used…

…After castration, a topical antibiotic was administered on the injury area Methods (oxytetracycline; Tenicol spray: MSD) for 5 s. Routine Animals, facilities and experimental design use of an antibiotic spray was used…

R-Interval [ms] between baseline and during castration and (D) between baseline and the bar and standard deviation post is represented castration. The barbyindicates the whiskers. Boxplots the mean of (E) difference is displayed as the in topstandard of the bar deviation and standard rate (SDHR) of heartdeviation is [beats minute −1] between baseline and during castration and (F) between baseline and post represented by the whiskers. Boxplots of (E) difference in standard deviation of heart rate (SDHR) castration, (G) difference in standard deviation of RR-Interval (SDRR) [ms] between baseline and [beats minute−1 ] between baseline and during castration and (F) between baseline and post castra- during castration and (H) between baseline and post castration and (I) difference in low tion, (G) differencefrequency frequency/high in standard deviation (LF/HF) ratioofbetween RR-Interval (SDRR) baseline and[ms] between during baseline castration and and during (J) between baselineand castration and(H) postbetween baseline castration. and represent The boxes post castration the first and(I)third and lowthe quartileinand difference frequency/high whiskers range frequency (LF/HF)to from minimum ratio betweenThe maximum. baseline median and during castration is indicated by the bandand inside (J) between the box.baseline post andletters Different (a, b, c, d) castration. show The boxes significant representdifferences between the first and thirdthe experimental quartile and the groups whiskers 0.05).from (p <range The superscript minimum “e” differentiates to maximum. time periods/episodes(“ The median is indicated by the e”) from time points (MAP and respiratory rate) band inside the box. Different letters (a, b, c, d) show significant differences between the

R-Interval [ms] between baseline and during castration and (D) between baseline and the bar and standard deviation post is represented castration. The barbyindicates the whiskers. Boxplots the mean of (E) difference is displayed as the in topstandard of the bar deviation and standard rate (SDHR) of heartdeviation is [beats minute −1] between baseline and during castration and (F) between baseline and post represented by the whiskers. Boxplots of (E) difference in standard deviation of heart rate (SDHR) castration, (G) difference in standard deviation of RR-Interval (SDRR) [ms] between baseline and [beats minute−1 ] between baseline and during castration and (F) between baseline and post castra- during castration and (H) between baseline and post castration and (I) difference in low tion, (G) differencefrequency frequency/high in standard deviation (LF/HF) ratioofbetween RR-Interval (SDRR) baseline and[ms] between during baseline castration and and during (J) between baselineand castration and(H) postbetween baseline castration. and represent The boxes post castration the first and(I)third and lowthe quartileinand difference frequency/high whiskers range frequency (LF/HF)to from minimum ratio betweenThe maximum. baseline median and during castration is indicated by the bandand inside (J) between the box.baseline post andletters Different (a, b, c, d) castration. show The boxes significant representdifferences between the first and thirdthe experimental quartile and the groups whiskers 0.05).from (p <range The superscript minimum “e” differentiates to maximum. time periods/episodes(“ The median is indicated by the e”) from time points (MAP and respiratory rate) band inside the box. Different letters (a, b, c, d) show significant differences between the

a 11 27.74±5.413b 24.4–32.5 fL B 3 31.50±8.150a 3 28.03±6.550b Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH, pg) A 9 10.62±1.391a 11 9.664±1.097b 8.5–11.8 pg B 3 10.60±1.114a 3 9.533±1.168b Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC, g/dL) A 9 22.04±2.559 11 35.28±2.734 32.3–42.0 g/dL B 3 34.50±5.112 3 34.63±4.332 For personal use only. Reticulocytes (K/µL) A 9 4.13±4.432 11 2.45±2.987 0.0–15.0 K/μL B 3 1.87±0.153 3 0.77±0.666 Leucocytes (WBC, K/µL) A 7 6.55±1.993a 10 11.06±7.86b 5.06–14.12 K/μL B 3 7.93±3.453a 3 9.17±4.788b Neutrophils (K/µL) A 7 3.66±1.575a 10 7.15±4.403b 1.17–6.11 K/μL B 3 4.83±2.695a 3 5.81±3.999b Lymphocytes (K/µL) A 7 2.73±0.960 10 3.39±1.037 2.54–9.6 K/μL B 3 2.51±0.933 3 2.41±0.925 Monocytes (K/µL) A 7 0.06±0.055a 10 0.32±0.289b 0.1–1.01 K/μL B 3 0.27±0.138a 3 0.90±0.638b Eosinophils (K/µL) A 7 0.01±0.007 10 0.08±0.111B 0.05–0.95 K/μL B 3 0.02±0.011 3 0.01±0.010A Basophil (K/µL) A 7 0.09±0.048 10 0.11±0.081 0–0.12 K/μL B 3 0.03±0.026 3 0.04±0.030 Platelets (K/µL) A 9 531.89±125.926 10 456.60±203.644 301–922 K/μL B 3 758.33±359.433 3 453.67±279.001 Notes: a,bDifferent letters mean significant differences between results in day one and day 11 (p<0.05); A,BDifferent letters mean significant differences between the two groups A and B (p<0.005). virus transmission during outbreaks. Similarly, hypocrellin shown to provide rapid and prolonged wound anaesthesia A antiviral activity seems to be related to a decline in from blockage of nociception,16 with the acidity poten­ pH.15 Low pH has been related to viricidal activity in tially sufficient to destroy virus without causing pain to the multiple models, including Herpes Simplex-1 (HSV-1) in animal. It has also been postulated