PAPER_EXTRACTION schema

…This supports the futureproofing step in the workflow. ## Output format Produce the extraction as a single Markdown table that the user can paste directly into the PAPER_EXTRACTION sheet. Follow it with…

tor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

tor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

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ence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://​creat​iveco​mmons.​org/​licen​ses/​by/4.​0/. © The Author(s) 2023 Scientific Reports | (2023) 13:21237 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48551-1 10 Vol:.(1234567890)

directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit ​h​t​t​p​:/​ ​/​c​r​e​a​t​i​v​ec​ ​o​m​m​o​ n​s​.​o​rg​ ​/​l​i​c​e​n​s​e​s/​ ​b​y​-​n​c​-​n​d​/​4​.​0​/​​​.​ ​​ © The Author(s) 2025 Scientific Reports | (2025) 15:7161 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91551-6 11

e FOS FOS staining staining intensity and frequency. (B) Area evaluated in the spinal cord. (C) Examples of different scores. intensity and frequency. (B) Area evaluated in the spinal cord. (C) Examples of different scores. The analysis 2.3. Statistical method was first established in a preliminary study (data not shown) to Analysis develop and define a scoring approach for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and stained 2.3.1. EEG tissue sections. The staining intensity (none, slight, moderate, or strong) and the percentage The power of positive spectral neuronal density nuclei in bothof dorsal the selected horns EEG of theepisodes was calculated spinal cords with the were calculated. A MATLAB semiquantitative score including these two parameters (Figure 1A) was applied. from pwelch function and a frequency resolution of 0.25 Hz for the pooled data Four the interdigital different segmentspinch stimulus (L1, and 1S1-3) L2, L3, and Hz for the data in each recorded animal were evaluated. to other in responseThe resultsstimuli. of this Because evaluationof the larger clearly sample showed thesize in thescores highest pooledingroup for thecastrated the animals withoutwe pinch stimulus, decided pain relief. to useitawas Thus, higher frequency decided resolution to proceed to methodological with this better describe approach. the response. Density spectral arrays were also constructed, and the results are presented as heatmaps to depict the temporal evolution of the spectral EEG features. The DSA was derived from 5-s EEG episodes overlapping by 4 s. The results are presented as changes in the EEG power relative to a prestimulus baseline defined as the episode 50–40 s before the stimulus. The poststimulus value was divided by the prestimulus value. Thus, a value <1 indicates