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eting interests The authors declare no competing interests. Additional information Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi .org/1 0.10 38/s41598- 025-91551-6. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to P.H.E.T. Reprints and permissions information is available at www.nature.com/reprints. Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:/ /creativec ommo ns.org /licenses/
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tor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
tor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
This document provides foundational methodological guidelines and quantitative assessment standards for implementing the Welfare Footprint Framework (WFF). The guidelines outlined herein serve as a practical reference for conducting systematic, evidence-based measurement of animal welfare impacts, facilitating decision-making and benchmarking across sectors. This core documentation should be cited as: Alonso, W. J., & Schuck-Paim, C. (2025). Welfare Footprint Framework: Methodological Foundations and Quantitative Assessment Guidelines. Center for Welfare Metrics (Sao Paulo). https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/94bxs 1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 3 Innovative Tools and Metrics....................................................................................................4 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 5 Trademark Usage and Requirements........................................................................................ 6 Core Framework Components.................................................................................................. 6 Intraspecific Analyses............................................................................................................ 12 Definition of Analytical Boundaries........................................................................................ 12 I. Zootechnical Description..........................................................................................................13 II. Veterinary
ence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2023 Scientific Reports | (2023) 13:21237 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48551-1 10 Vol:.(1234567890)