al University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULES), Henerala Rodimtseva 19, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine; getya@ukr.net 8 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture (UNIZG), University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska…
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al University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULES), Henerala Rodimtseva 19, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine; getya@ukr.net 8 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture (UNIZG), University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska…
…The surgical cas- way, Romania, and Ukraine also use immunocastration tration of piglets evokes significant emotional responses as an alternative solution; however, it is a rarely chosen due to the stress and…
…The surgical cas- way, Romania, and Ukraine also use immunocastration tration of piglets evokes significant emotional responses as an alternative solution; however, it is a rarely chosen due to the stress and…
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mers have been raising entire males in the UK and Ireland. Castration was also abandoned in Spain and Portugal for mainstream standard pig production, while it is still performed in the high quality production systems. Entire male pigs now constitute a sizeable part of pig production in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, and France. Immunocastration has been developed to a significant degree only in Belgium. In most Eastern European countries, piglet castration is not an issue yet, although immunocastration is under consideration to reduce feed costs and fat content. (13, 14) 3.1 Surgical castration with pain relief during and/or after surgery General anesthesia is effective in preventing pain during castration but not in relieving post-operative pain. Conversely, analgesia is effective post-surgery but not during it. Only combined anesthesia and analgesia is fully effective for pain avoidance, but it is a costly procedure, especially if vets are required. General anesthesia for piglet castration is administered via inhalation (CO2, isoflurane) or intramuscularly (Ketamine). CO2 is cheap but aversive to the animal (11, 12). Isoflurane is efficient but costly and it can affect workers and the environment. Ketamine is risky for the animal and requires a lot of monitoring. Local anesthesia with Lidocaine injected in the testes is effective if carefully performed to avoid pain during the injection. Procaine is less efficient than Lidocaine, but in several countries Procaine is the only approved medication for local anesthesia in pigs. The main drugs used for analgesia include Meloxicam, Flunixin and Metamizole (13). The advantages, however, are that quality problems due to boar taint or changes fatty acid composition are prevented, and the carcasses are suitable for all