VetOne

…8 mg/kg lidocaine (VetOne, 2%) administered locally over scrotum via a needleless injector (Pulse 50 Lenexa, Kansas) + 0.4 mg/kg meloxicam (VetOne, 5 mg/ml) intramuscularly prior to castration ● LS…

…8 mg/kg lidocaine (VetOne, 2%) administered locally over scrotum via a needleless injector (Pulse 50 Lenexa, Kansas) + 0.4 mg/kg meloxicam (VetOne, 5 mg/ml) intramuscularly prior to castration ● LS…

2016 topical anaesthetic gel (DTAG, n = 9); and (4) sham dehorning (CON, n = 9). Sensitivity was Published: September 20, 2016 assessed by scoring the behavioural response of calves to stimulation of the wound or skin at time points before and after treatment. In Trial 1, DTAP calves had a greater probability of Copyright: © 2016 McCarthy et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the displaying more severe responses than DTAE calves at 90 and 180 min (P < 0.001). In Trial Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits 2, at 1 h, DTAG calves had a greater probability of displaying more severe responses than unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any CON calves. At 2 h onwards, all dehorned calves had a greater probability of displaying medium, provided the original author and source are more severe responses than CON calves (P < 0.001). There were no differences between credited. the responses of DCB, DTAG and DTAE calves at any time point. Topical anaesthetic for- Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are mulations result in almost immediate but temporary anaesthesia of the wound following within the paper and its Supporting Information files. scoop dehorning in calves and may provide a practical option for pain relief on-farm. Funding: This work was funded by Meat and Livestock Australia (http://www.mla.com.au/Home). The grant number for this funding is P.PSH.0654. Topical anaesthetic products were supplied by Bayer Animal Health Australia (https://www.bayer.com.au/ en/about/profile-and-organisation/animal-health/). Introduction Meat and Livestock Australia and Bayer Animal Dehorning of cattle is painful, yet remains a commonly performed procedure in horned Health Australia had no role in study design, data

OS ONE Analgesic effects of local anesthesia in piglets undergoing castration (0.5x16 mm, B. Braun TravaCare GmbH, Hallbergmoos, Germany) was used for injection. The injections included procaine hydrochloride 4% (P, procaine) (procaine hydrochloride 4% —VMD, V.M.D. sa, Arendonk, Belgium), lidocaine hydrochloride 2% (L, lidocaine) (Xyloci- tin1 2%, Mibe GmbH Arzneimittel, Brehna, Germany), bupivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% (B, bupivacaine) (Bupivacain 0.5% JENAPHARM, Mibe GmbH Arzneimittel, Brehna, Germany) and mepivacaine hydrochloride (M, mepivacaine) (Mepidor1 20 mg/ml solution for injection for horses, Richter Pharma AG, Wels, Austria). As a positive control, one group received injec- tions with only sodium chloride 0.9% before castration (NaCl, castration without pain relief). As a negative control, another group underwent simulated injection and castration (H, han- dling). Surgical castration (groups P, L, B, M, NaCl) was performed using two vertical scrotal incisions. To evaluate the noxious stimulus of skin incision and the noxious stimulus of cutting the spermatic cord separately, a period of 2 minutes for stabilization of hemodynamic parame- ters was provided before the spermatic cord of the right and left testicle were severed using an emasculator. Piglets in group H were only prepared for castration without the occurrence of any painful procedure. Isoflurane anesthesia and preparations and measurements (blood parameters, BP, HR, movements, etc.) were carried out as in the other experimental groups. The only difference in group H was that injection and castration were only simulated. More precisely, handling of the piglets was performed by one person for injection and castration. Instead of performing an injection, the testis was just fixed and gently touched

OS ONE Analgesic effects of local anesthesia in piglets undergoing castration (0.5x16 mm, B. Braun TravaCare GmbH, Hallbergmoos, Germany) was used for injection. The injections included procaine hydrochloride 4% (P, procaine) (procaine hydrochloride 4% —VMD, V.M.D. sa, Arendonk, Belgium), lidocaine hydrochloride 2% (L, lidocaine) (Xyloci- tin1 2%, Mibe GmbH Arzneimittel, Brehna, Germany), bupivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% (B, bupivacaine) (Bupivacain 0.5% JENAPHARM, Mibe GmbH Arzneimittel, Brehna, Germany) and mepivacaine hydrochloride (M, mepivacaine) (Mepidor1 20 mg/ml solution for injection for horses, Richter Pharma AG, Wels, Austria). As a positive control, one group received injec- tions with only sodium chloride 0.9% before castration (NaCl, castration without pain relief). As a negative control, another group underwent simulated injection and castration (H, han- dling). Surgical castration (groups P, L, B, M, NaCl) was performed using two vertical scrotal incisions. To evaluate the noxious stimulus of skin incision and the noxious stimulus of cutting the spermatic cord separately, a period of 2 minutes for stabilization of hemodynamic parame- ters was provided before the spermatic cord of the right and left testicle were severed using an emasculator. Piglets in group H were only prepared for castration without the occurrence of any painful procedure. Isoflurane anesthesia and preparations and measurements (blood parameters, BP, HR, movements, etc.) were carried out as in the other experimental groups. The only difference in group H was that injection and castration were only simulated. More precisely, handling of the piglets was performed by one person for injection and castration. Instead of performing an injection, the testis was just fixed and gently touched

Topical Wound-care Products and Their Effects on Healing, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Growth in Piglets Undergoing Castration Laya Kannan Silva Alves Universidade de São Paulo Monique Danielle Pairis-Garcia North Carolina State University Juliana Bonin Ferreira North Carolina State University Victoria Rocha Merenda North Carolina State University Rubia Mitalli Tomacheski Washington State University Pedro Henrique Esteves Trindade Michigan State University Christopher Siepker Iowa State University Magdiel Lopez-Soriano University of Missouri Research Article Keywords: acute phase proteins, animal welfare, piglet mortality, thermography, weaning, wound healing Posted Date: October 12th, 2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7722871/v1 License:   This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Additional Declarations: No competing interests reported. Page 1/20 Abstract Surgical castration is a routine management procedure in swine production that raises welfare concerns due to pain, inflammation, and risk of post-procedure complications. Topical products are commonly applied to castration wounds, but their efficacy in promoting healing and reducing inflammation has not been systematically evaluated. This study investigated the efficacy of five commercially available topical protective products on wound healing, inflammatory responses, and growth performance in piglets undergoing surgical castration. One hundred and ninety piglets were assigned to one of six groups: Iodine, Oinkment®, PhytoCare®, Vetericyn®, Zinc Oxide, or intact controls (NoCast). Treatments were applied immediately after castration (D1). Body weights were recorded at baseline (D0) and at weaning. Blood samples were collected on days 0

Topical Wound-care Products and Their Effects on Healing, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Growth in Piglets Undergoing Castration Laya Kannan Silva Alves Universidade de São Paulo Monique Danielle Pairis-Garcia North Carolina State University Juliana Bonin Ferreira North Carolina State University Victoria Rocha Merenda North Carolina State University Rubia Mitalli Tomacheski Washington State University Pedro Henrique Esteves Trindade Michigan State University Christopher Siepker Iowa State University Magdiel Lopez-Soriano University of Missouri Research Article Keywords: acute phase proteins, animal welfare, piglet mortality, thermography, weaning, wound healing Posted Date: October 12th, 2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7722871/v1 License:   This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Additional Declarations: No competing interests reported. Page 1/20 Abstract Surgical castration is a routine management procedure in swine production that raises welfare concerns due to pain, inflammation, and risk of post-procedure complications. Topical products are commonly applied to castration wounds, but their efficacy in promoting healing and reducing inflammation has not been systematically evaluated. This study investigated the efficacy of five commercially available topical protective products on wound healing, inflammatory responses, and growth performance in piglets undergoing surgical castration. One hundred and ninety piglets were assigned to one of six groups: Iodine, Oinkment®, PhytoCare®, Vetericyn®, Zinc Oxide, or intact controls (NoCast). Treatments were applied immediately after castration (D1). Body weights were recorded at baseline (D0) and at weaning. Blood samples were collected on days 0

animals Article Topical Application of Lidocaine and Bupivacaine to Disbudding Wounds in Dairy Calves: Safety, Toxicology and Wound Healing Meredith Sheil 1, * , Michael Chambers 2 , Adam Polkinghorne 3,4 and Brendan Sharpe 2 1 Animal Ethics Pty. Ltd., Yarra Glen 3775, Australia 2 Invetus Pty. Ltd., Armidale 2350, Australia; mchambers@invetus.com (M.C.); bsharpe@invetus.com (B.S.) 3 Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, NSW Health Pathology, Nepean Blue Mountains Pathology Service, Penrith 2751, Australia; adam.polkinghorne@health.nsw.gov.au 4 Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Kingswood 2747, Australia * Correspondence: mlksheil@me.com Simple Summary: Disbudding is a common, but painful procedure performed on calves to prevent horn growth. Tri-Solfen® is a combination local anaesthetic and antiseptic formulation which, applied topically to the disbudding wound, is reported to reduce calf pain. Applied in this manner, the local anaesthetics in Tri-Solfen® , lidocaine and bupivacaine, are reported to be poorly absorbed, resulting in low risk of neurological or cardiotoxic effects. The potential impacts on other blood, urine and tissue parameters and on wound healing when used in this manner, and/or accidental overdose situations are unknown, however. We performed experiments investigating (i) the safety of Tri- Solfen® (including overdose situations) and (ii) the impact of Tri-Solfen® on disbudding wound healing under field conditions. No adverse health effects were observed in Tri-Solfen® -treated Citation: Sheil, M.; Chambers, M.; animals, even those receiving 5× the recommended dose, with no clinically significant differences Polkinghorne, A.; Sharpe, B. Topical in measured parameters between placebo and

PRODUCTION ANIMALS Effects of a topical anaesthetic formulation and systemic carprofen, given singly or in combination, on the cortisol and behavioural responses of Merino lambs to castration DR Pauli, C Lee, iG Colditz? and AD Fisher’* ( vee and tail docking of lambs are standard husbandry Objective To determine the effectiveness of a topical anaes- procedures in many sheep production systems. Castration thetic formulation (Tri-Solfen) with or without the administration permanently prevents the development of behavioural of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (carprofen) on the pain characteristics of male rams such as aggression towards other rams and distress response associated with ring or surgical castration of and unwanted matings, Tail docking significantly reduces the risk ram lambs, of flystrike.’ Counterbalancing the life-long outcomes of these Procedures Merino ram lambs (n = 78) were allocated to 10 husbandry practices is the associated short-term pain. Considerable treatment groups: 4 groups of knife-castrated lambs and 4 groups research has therefore examined the welfare consequences of vari- of ring-castrated lambs received carprofen (4 mg/kg SC) and ous castration and tail docking methods, and the effectiveness of Tri-Solfen; 2 control groups (sham) received carprofen at 0 or4 mg/kg analgesic strategies,” SC, Measurements included plasma cortisol and haptoglobi n Dinniss et al found that infiltrating local anaesthetic into the scrotal concentrations, haematology, and behaviour, including posture, neck was an effective method of reducing the cortisol response of Results Knife-castrated jambs had higher peak cortisol and lambs to ring castration.’ Similarly, injection of local anaesthetic into integrated cortisol responses for the first 6h

animals Article Identifying Barriers to Implementing Pain Management for Piglet Castration: A Focus Group of Swine Veterinarians Brooklyn Wagner 1, * , Kenneth Royal 2 , Rachel Park 1 and Monique Pairis-Garcia 1 1 Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; rmpark@ncsu.edu (R.P.); pairis-garcia@ncsu.edu (M.P.-G.) 2 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; kdroyal2@ncsu.edu * Correspondence: bwagner2@ncsu.edu Received: 27 May 2020; Accepted: 11 July 2020; Published: 15 July 2020 Simple Summary: Surgical castration is a painful husbandry procedure typically performed on piglets in the United States (US) within the first week of life. Castration is used to improve meat quality, and as a result, nearly all male pigs destined for slaughter in the US will be castrated. In recent years, consumers and retailers have questioned the ethicality of castration as a production practice, given that it results in pain experienced by the piglet. However, eliminating castration is not practical at this time in the US, and the adoption of pain management protocols remains the most viable solution to managing pain associated with castration. Given that veterinarians often have direct oversight regarding the development of animal care protocols, the objective of the present study is to identify factors influencing swine veterinarian decision-making in regard to pain management for piglet castration using focus group methodologies. Three main areas of focus were identified and included (1) the lack of approved products validated for efficacy, (2) economic limitations and challenges, and (3) deficient guidelines and