Vetoquinol

…The topical application of Tri-Solfen (lido- 3 Bioproperties, Glenorie, New South Wales, caine hydrochloride, bupivacaine hydrochloride, adrenaline acid tartrate and Australia cetrimide [LBAC]) produces effective postsurgical cutaneous analgesia in 4 Vetoquinol…

l of the product, as per label instructions. (1: immobile; 2: walking with difficulty; 3: walking normally). An ordi- Animals treated with MO received intra-muscular injections of the nal logistic mixed model was fitted to each data set with fixed effects product daily for 3 days, also at doses per label instructions (2-4 mg/kg). for Treatment, Day, Breed and Age (covariate), and a random effect for Clinical response observations were initially conducted and recorded by the individual Animal ID. A Treatment × Day interaction was included veterinary technicians with experience of observing animals with clini- in each of the models, to allow for a different shaped time course for cal FMD and these personnel trained the farmers in how to conduct the each treatment. Note that the fitted model returned a set of model- required observations. All assessors were blind to treatment to avoid based probabilities of obtaining each possible score (1 through 4, or 1 bias. The observations included the recording of any improvements in through 3), for the particular combination of terms in the model. The demeanour and interest and capacity of the animal to walk and eat, plus model was fitted using the clmm function in the ordinal package of R the following semi-quantitative clinical measurements: (Christensen, 2019), and probability estimates obtained using the em- means (Lenth, 2020) and RVAideMemoire (Hervé, 2020) packages in R. • coronary band lesion healing score (LHS) on a scale of 1 to 4 (adapted from Al-Lethie et al., 2018): • coronary band lesion size (cm): healing of coronary band lesions 2.6.2 | Binary data analysis was measured quantitatively in the field using a 30 cm ruler, every 3 days from day zero (D0) through day 15 (D15), with lesions pho- The status of cattle

Communication The Treatment of Contagious Ecthyma in Lambs with a Local Anaesthetic/Antiseptic Wound Formulation Lowers Serum Amyloid A Responses Aurora Ortín 1,2, * , Sergio Villanueva-Saz 1,2 , Delia Lacasta 1,2 , Peter Andrew Windsor 3 , Antonio Fernández 1 , Pablo Quilez 1,2 , Hector Ruiz 1,2 , Alex Gómez 1,2 , David Guallar 1,2 and Marta Ruiz de Arcaute 1,2 1 Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty and Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; svs@unizar.es (S.V.-S.); dlacasta@unizar.es (D.L.); afmedica@unizar.es (A.F.); pquilez@unizar.es (P.Q.); hectorruiz353@gmail.com (H.R.); alex.gomezcalvo@gmail.com (A.G.); davidguallarabellan2002@gmail.com (D.G.); martarda@unizar.es (M.R.d.A.) 2 Ruminant Clinical Service, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain 3 Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; peter.windsor@sydney.edu.au * Correspondence: aortin@unizar.es; Tel.: +34-605319592 Simple Summary Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a skin disease of small ruminants with significant economic impact and welfare concerns. Vaccination is the main preventive strategy for CE, although in many countries, licenced vaccines are unavailable. Treatment typically involves an- tibiotics to control secondary infections, increasing the risk of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a non-antibiotic topical anaesthetic/antiseptic therapeutic formulation (Tri-Solfen® ; T-S; Medical Ethics, Australia/MultiSolfen® ; M-S; Dechra, UK) on lambs with contagious ecthyma. The con- centration of a marker of systemic inflammation, serum amyloid A (SAA), was measured during

animals Article Topical Application of Lidocaine and Bupivacaine to Disbudding Wounds in Dairy Calves: Safety, Toxicology and Wound Healing Meredith Sheil 1, * , Michael Chambers 2 , Adam Polkinghorne 3,4 and Brendan Sharpe 2 1 Animal Ethics Pty. Ltd., Yarra Glen 3775, Australia 2 Invetus Pty. Ltd., Armidale 2350, Australia; mchambers@invetus.com (M.C.); bsharpe@invetus.com (B.S.) 3 Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, NSW Health Pathology, Nepean Blue Mountains Pathology Service, Penrith 2751, Australia; adam.polkinghorne@health.nsw.gov.au 4 Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Kingswood 2747, Australia * Correspondence: mlksheil@me.com Simple Summary: Disbudding is a common, but painful procedure performed on calves to prevent horn growth. Tri-Solfen® is a combination local anaesthetic and antiseptic formulation which, applied topically to the disbudding wound, is reported to reduce calf pain. Applied in this manner, the local anaesthetics in Tri-Solfen® , lidocaine and bupivacaine, are reported to be poorly absorbed, resulting in low risk of neurological or cardiotoxic effects. The potential impacts on other blood, urine and tissue parameters and on wound healing when used in this manner, and/or accidental overdose situations are unknown, however. We performed experiments investigating (i) the safety of Tri- Solfen® (including overdose situations) and (ii) the impact of Tri-Solfen® on disbudding wound healing under field conditions. No adverse health effects were observed in Tri-Solfen® -treated Citation: Sheil, M.; Chambers, M.; animals, even those receiving 5× the recommended dose, with no clinically significant differences Polkinghorne, A.; Sharpe, B. Topical in measured parameters between placebo and

PRODUCTION ANIMALS The effect of a topical anaesthetic formulation, systemic flunixin and carprofen, singly or in combination, on cortisol and behavioural responses of Merino lambs to mulesing DR PAULL, C LEE, IG COLDITZ, S$] ATKINSON and AD FISHER CSIRO Livestock Industries, FD McMaster Laboratory, Armidale NSW 2350 Andrew. Fisher@csiro,au } { ulesing is a surgical procedure in which two strips of Objective To determine the pain responses of lambs to mules- skin are cut from the hindquarters of Merino lambs in ing, and the effectiveness of potential analgesic treatments. order to remove wool-bearing wrinkled skin, increase Procedures Merino lambs (n = 64) were allocated at 5 weeks the perineal bare area and reduce the risk of breech strike of age to eight treatment groups: 1) sham mules; 2) conventional throughout life thereafter. The operation is usually performed mules; 3) topical anaesthetic, incorporating lignocaine, bupi- in conjunction with tail docking during the first 12 weeks after vicaine, adrenaline and cetrimide, applied immediately after mulesing; 4) flunixin + topical anaesthetic, with flunixin admini- birth, and is described in the relevant Australian Model Code stered 2.5 mg/kg s.c. 90 min before mulesing; 5) carprofen of Practice for che Welfare of Animals.’ Although, in the years + topical anaesthetic, with carprofen administered 4 mg/kg after its widespread adoption, mulesing was highlighted for its s.c. 90 min before mulesing; 6) carprofen, administered as animal welfare benefits in reducing flystrike,” the practice has above; 7) flunixin, administered as above; and 8) carprofen more recently been the focus of criticism by animal welfare and + flunixin, administered as above. Plasma cortisol was measured animal rights interest groups, at 0, 0.5,

Analgesia for Surgical Husbandry Procedures in Sheep and Other Livestock Dr Meredith L Sheil, Animal Ethics Pty Ltd, Associate Sydney University Faculty of Veterinary Science SUMMARY Surgical husbandry procedures in livestock are invariably associated with pain and stress, yet are traditionally performed without analgesia. Concern for the welfare of animals undergoing these procedures is contributing to major conflicts between farmers and animal advocacy organisations with important negative trade implications. Whilst the ultimate long term solution is to breed animals that do not require these procedures, or to find painless alternative practices, this will take time and a significant research effort in most cases. In the meantime, there is an urgent need to find a more immediate way to alleviate welfare concerns. This can be achieved by developing effective low-cost analgesia for on-farm use, to allow surgical procedures in livestock to be performed as humanely as surgical procedures in domestic animals and humans, while long term solutions are pursued and implemented. The first step in reaching this goal was realised with the development and commercialisation of Tri-Solfen® (Bayer Animal Health, Gordon NSW). Tri-Solfen® is a low-cost, farmer-applied topical anaesthetic, haemostatic and antiseptic wound care product that significantly alleviates pain associated with mulesing. Subsequent research identified that pre-operative administration of Carprofen enhanced the analgesic effects. Used together these agents eliminate pain-related behaviour for 24 hours post mulesing and abolish the cortisol response, thus providing highly effective analgesia that equates to (if not surpasses) that which is achieved for routine surgical procedures in veterinary clinics, such as

animals Article Impact of a Topical Anaesthesia Wound Management Formulation on Pain, Inflammation and Reduction of Secondary Infections after Tail Docking in Lambs Luis Miguel Ferrer 1 , Delia Lacasta 1, * , Aurora Ortín 1 , Juan José Ramos 1 , María Teresa Tejedor 2 , Marta Borobia 1 , María Pérez 1 , Enrique Castells 3 , Marta Ruiz de Arcaute 1 , Héctor Ruiz 1 and Peter Andrew Windsor 4 1 Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; lmferrer@unizar.es (L.M.F.); aortin@unizar.es (A.O.); jjramos@unizar.es (J.J.R.); mborobia@unizar.es (M.B.); mariaperezb3@hotmail.com (M.P.); martarda@unizar.es (M.R.d.A.); hectorruiz353@gmail.com (H.R.) 2 Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics Department, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, CIBER CV, Universidad de Zaragoza-IIS, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; ttejedor@unizar.es 3 Centro Clínico Veterinario, C/Madre Genoveva Torres Morales 8, 50006 Zaragoza, Spain; kikevet39@gmail.com 4 Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; peter.windsor@sydney.edu.au * Correspondence: dlacasta@unizar.es; Tel.: +34-609676727 Received: 29 June 2020; Accepted: 22 July 2020; Published: 24 July 2020 Simple Summary: Tail docking is routinely conducted in sheep husbandry around the world, often without anaesthesia or analgesia despite recognition that it is a painful process. Several methods are used, although the Council of Europe states that surgical methods with anaesthesia should be used to dock the tail, with these recommendations copied into national legislation by most European countries. However, no studies have been documented comparing the use of

Posted on Authorea 16 Sep 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160029789.93744641 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. Efficacy and application of a novel topical anaesthetic wound formulation for treating cattle with Foot-and-Mouth disease: a field trial in Cameroon Sevidzem Lenze1 , Jacques Mavoungou1 , Kong Burinyuy1 , Koumba Armel1 , Simon Dickmu1 , James Young2 , Peter Thomson3 , and Peter Windsor2 1 Affiliation not available 2 University of Sydney 3 School of Life and Environmental Sciences September 16, 2020 Abstract Recently, a wound dressing formulation, (Tri-Solfen®, Medical Ethics Pty Ltd, Australia; TS) registered for use in ruminant husbandry in Australia, was registered for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) therapy in large ruminants in Laos, following clinical observations of improved welfare and healing following treatment of FMD lesions. In November 2019, an FMD outbreak in Cameroon provided an opportunity for a field trial, comparing clinical responses and recoveries to treatments on a sample of cattle (n = 36) comprising three equal groups of animals (n = 12), comparing responses to three treatments:(i) the application to lesions of TS, (ii) the administration of parenteral oxytetraycline commonly used for FMD in Cameroon; and (iii) an untreated control group (C). Appetite scores, lesion healing scores, and changes in dimensions of lesions, were recorded over a 15-day study period. Cattle treated with TS achieved both superior appetite and lesion healing scores with more rapid reduction in dimensions of lesions than other groups. Farmer observations indicated the TS treatment group had a more rapid return to eating with

PRODUCTION ANIMALS Effects of a topical anaesthetic formulation and systemic carprofen, given singly or in combination, on the cortisol and behavioural responses of Merino lambs to castration DR Pauli, C Lee, iG Colditz? and AD Fisher’* ( vee and tail docking of lambs are standard husbandry Objective To determine the effectiveness of a topical anaes- procedures in many sheep production systems. Castration thetic formulation (Tri-Solfen) with or without the administration permanently prevents the development of behavioural of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (carprofen) on the pain characteristics of male rams such as aggression towards other rams and distress response associated with ring or surgical castration of and unwanted matings, Tail docking significantly reduces the risk ram lambs, of flystrike.’ Counterbalancing the life-long outcomes of these Procedures Merino ram lambs (n = 78) were allocated to 10 husbandry practices is the associated short-term pain. Considerable treatment groups: 4 groups of knife-castrated lambs and 4 groups research has therefore examined the welfare consequences of vari- of ring-castrated lambs received carprofen (4 mg/kg SC) and ous castration and tail docking methods, and the effectiveness of Tri-Solfen; 2 control groups (sham) received carprofen at 0 or4 mg/kg analgesic strategies,” SC, Measurements included plasma cortisol and haptoglobi n Dinniss et al found that infiltrating local anaesthetic into the scrotal concentrations, haematology, and behaviour, including posture, neck was an effective method of reducing the cortisol response of Results Knife-castrated jambs had higher peak cortisol and lambs to ring castration.’ Similarly, injection of local anaesthetic into integrated cortisol responses for the first 6h

ical Anaesthetic for Dehorning of Calves from the paddock into a holding pen adjacent to the cattle handling facilities 2 days before the trial, where they were habituated to movement through handling facilities twice daily for 2 days before experimentation. Other than during time when moved through the handling facili- ties, the calves had access to their dams. Topical anaesthetic products. Tri-Solfen1 is a registered and commercially available local anaesthetic and antiseptic gel for topical application immediately post mulesing of merino lambs. It contains 40.6 g/L lignocaine, 4.2 g/L bupivacaine, 5 g/L cetrimide and 24.8 mg/L adrenalin. We have been studying the efficacy of this product for pain relief during a number of surgical interventions in farm animals [19], including various modifications of the original formula to enhance adherence and efficacy during scoop dehorning [17, 18]. Trial 1 compared the practicality and efficacy of two novel topical anaesthetic agents devel- oped for dehorning (Bayer Animal Health, Pymble NSW Australia). Both formulations con- tained 20% w/v lignocaine and 4% w/v bupivacaine. These were specifically designed for application to amputation dehorning wounds where haemorrhage may affect absorption of anaesthetic agents. Higher concentrations of lignocaine and bupivacaine were included in these novel formulations with the intention of increasing the amount of active ingredients coming into contact with the tissue surface immediately upon application. The first formula- tion used an inert powder base as a carrier in an attempt to improve adherence to the wound. The second formulation used an ethanol / water base as a carrier designed to evaporate follow- ing application. The most effective formulation from this trial was used in the