aa-extraction

…This is why each skill ships as its own ZIP file. --- ## Skill 1 — aa-extraction **Purpose:** Extract quantitative welfare data from a scientific paper PDF into the PAPER_EXTRACTION schema. **File:** `aa…

ntibody with corticoster- operation. Hatched areas represent portions of skin removed. one, cortisone, dexamethasone, prednisolone and prednisone were 0.2, < 0.1, < 0.1, 45.3 and 0.3%, respectively. The intra- assay coefficient of variation (CV) for samples containing 176.5, (oxytetracycline at 10 mg/kg) prior to mulesing. Blood samples 81.9 and 34.8 nmol/L cortisol respectively, were 9.3, 8.2, and were taken from the jugular vein via venepuncture into 5 ml EDTA vacutainers at 5 time points over the course of the exper- 5.9%. The inter-assay CVs for the same samples were 7.2, 9.3 and 8.9%, respectively, iment, commencing prior to analgesic treatment and again at 0.5, 6, 12 and 24h post-mulesing. On each occasion, lambs had Behaviour blood samples taken in the sequence in which they had been mulesed. The behaviour of each lamb was captured using four digital video cameras for a total of 12 hours after mulesing, consisting of The lambs received their experimental treatments at the times three periods of 4 hours’ duration (0 to 4, 4 to 8 and 8 to 12h relative to the mules operation described in Table 1. At the time post-mulesing). One operator, blinded to the treatment codes, of mulesing, lambs were caught and placed in a mulesing cradle classified the behaviour of all lambs in the experiment, into the and their tails were docked with a gas fired hot knife. The mules- categories shown in Table 2. The lambs were observed and their ing operator had many years of experience mulesing lambs and behaviours recorded at 5 minute intervals. Lamb postures were had completed accreditation training provided by the Livestock used as the main measure as these were identified in preliminary Contractors Association, Mulesing involved the excision of two research as most indicative of

eep farmers have committed to cease the procedure by the end of 2010. Should the procedure be stopped prematurely, (that is before genetic breeding is sufficiently advanced or before viable alternative practices are available to prevent flystrike), it is predicted that there will be a major increase in the incidence of flystrike, with up to 7 5 million sheep suffering the condition annually and 1 – 3 million succumbing to the disease . The current and future availability of effective analgesia for this procedure provides a new humane approach to protect the welfare of sheep as long as necessary, while genetic breeding and other solutions are pursued to allow the procedure to be phased out safely, without a major increase in suffering and death due to flystrike in the Australian merino flock. There are also important welfare implications for other “open wound” surgical husbandry procedures such as castration, tail docking and dehorning. The local anaesthetic agents in Tri-Solfen® work directly on nerve fibres to block pain signals. They are highly effective where nerve tissue is exposed or close to the surface – such as in open wounds and mucosal tissue (such as the spermatic chord). The success of Tri-Solfen® for mulesing suggests that it may be equally effective to alleviate pain associated with procedures such as castration and tail docking. The following report from Sydney University Veterinary School (investigators H Dickinson, S Lomax and P Windsor) in conjunction with Animal Ethics Pty Ltd (investigator M Sheil) presents findings on the impact of using Tri-Solfen® on pain alleviation, wound healing and systemic absorption of local anaesthetic actives in sheep undergoing routine castration and tail docking, PROCEDURE Randomised, placebo-controlled

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica BioMed Central Oral presentation Open Access Animal Welfare Aspects of Preventing Boar Taint Mette Giersing*, Jan Ladewig and Björn Forkman Address: Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark * Corresponding author from Prevention of Boar Taint in Pig Production: The 19th Symposium of the Nordic Committee for Veterinary Scientific Cooperation Gardermoen, Norway. 21–22 November 2005 Published: 7 August 2006 <supplement> <title> <p>Prevention of Boar Taint in Pig Production: The 19th Symposium of the Nordic Committee for Veterinary Scientific Cooperation</p> </title> <note>Meeting abstracts</note> <url>http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/files/pdf/1751-0147-48-S1-full.pdf</url> </supplement> Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2006, 48(Suppl 1):S3 doi:10.1186/1751-0147-48-S1-S3 © 2006 Giersing et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Introduction Surgical castration Since boar taint is connected to testicular hormones and Surgical castration without anaesthesia is painful, as sexual maturity, surgical castration has for centuries been shown by the acute physiological responses (increased the method employed to prevent taint in meat from male Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal-responses and protein c- pigs, as well as to obtain more docile pigs. However, since fos expression in spinal neurons), as well as by vocalisa- the castration is performed without anaesthesia, it is pain- tion and behaviour during and immediately after the ful for the pig and therefore poses a serious welfare prob- operation. The frequency and duration of high-frequency lem. With growing focus on animal welfare in animal calls points towards the extraction of the testes and the production, surgical castration without anaesthesia and severing of the spermatic cords as

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica BioMed Central Oral presentation Open Access Animal Welfare Aspects of Preventing Boar Taint Mette Giersing*, Jan Ladewig and Björn Forkman Address: Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark * Corresponding author from Prevention of Boar Taint in Pig Production: The 19th Symposium of the Nordic Committee for Veterinary Scientific Cooperation Gardermoen, Norway. 21–22 November 2005 Published: 7 August 2006 <supplement> <title> <p>Prevention of Boar Taint in Pig Production: The 19th Symposium of the Nordic Committee for Veterinary Scientific Cooperation</p> </title> <note>Meeting abstracts</note> <url>http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/files/pdf/1751-0147-48-S1-full.pdf</url> </supplement> Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2006, 48(Suppl 1):S3 doi:10.1186/1751-0147-48-S1-S3 © 2006 Giersing et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Introduction Surgical castration Since boar taint is connected to testicular hormones and Surgical castration without anaesthesia is painful, as sexual maturity, surgical castration has for centuries been shown by the acute physiological responses (increased the method employed to prevent taint in meat from male Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal-responses and protein c- pigs, as well as to obtain more docile pigs. However, since fos expression in spinal neurons), as well as by vocalisa- the castration is performed without anaesthesia, it is pain- tion and behaviour during and immediately after the ful for the pig and therefore poses a serious welfare prob- operation. The frequency and duration of high-frequency lem. With growing focus on animal welfare in animal calls points towards the extraction of the testes and the production, surgical castration without anaesthesia and severing of the spermatic cords as

tor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

tor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

ctively. Only significant differences were found for Groups A and C among time, being values for C1 significantly higher than the rest (p < 0.05): a,b different letters mean significant differences for A, C Groups among time (p < 0.05). Table S2. Mean and SD of log10 SAA at S0 prior to tail docking (S0), and at 5 h (S1) and 48 h (S2) intervals, plus seven days later (S3), where “Surgery” was tail docking performed under general anaesthesia (Groups B and D), “Traditional” was tail docking conducted without general anaesthesia (Groups A and D), and ‘yes’ or ‘no’ was with or without PR, treatment applied, respectively. Only significant differences were found among time: a,b : different letters mean significant differences among time for traditional procedure (p < 0.05); A,B : different letter mean significant differences among time for surgery procedure (p < 0.05). Author Contributions: Conceptualization, D.L. and P.A.W.; data curation, M.T.T.; formal analysis, A.O. and M.T.T.; funding acquisition, P.A.W.; investigation, L.M.F., D.L., M.B., M.P., M.R.d.A., H.R. and P.A.W.; methodology, L.M.F., J.J.R. and E.C.; project administration, D.L.; resources, J.J.R.; software, M.P. and H.R.; validation, L.M.F., A.O. and J.J.R.; visualization, M.T.T.; writing—original draft, D.L.; writing—review and editing, L.M.F., A.O., M.T.T. and P.A.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was supported by provision of product from the Australian company Animal Ethics Pty Ltd. with financial support for the travel of senior co-author (PW) to attend the trial and financial compensation of some of the costs incurred. The work was also supported by the Aragón Government and the European Social Fund (A15_17R,