antinociception

…LBAC may provide an early antinociceptive benefit when applied to uncontaminated surgically created wounds without compromising heal- ing. KEYWORDS antinociception, mechanical threshold testing, Tri-Solfen, wound healing, horse INTRODUCTION cally, a strong…

lian Veterinary Nolan A, Livingston A, Waterman A (1987b) Antinociceptive actions of Journal 76, 118–122. intravenous alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists in sheep. Journal of Veterinary Sylvester SP, Stafford KJ, Mellor DJ…

…Subanaesthetic isoflurane concentrations have little or no antinociceptive ef- fect [45] and withdrawal movements triggered by noxious stimulation can be elicited at sub-MAC anaesthetic concentrations [46], while reactions due to handling…

…Subanaesthetic isoflurane concentrations have little or no antinociceptive ef- fect [45] and withdrawal movements triggered by noxious stimulation can be elicited at sub-MAC anaesthetic concentrations [46], while reactions due to handling…

ct to plasticity since The anatomical location of tissue damage is associated modulation is a complex molecular process occurring with several typical characteristics, such as the experi- at different levels of the central nervous system [49, 50]. ence and expression of nociceptive pain. In this respect, Moreover, individual experience and factors, such as the nociceptive pain can be differentiated into superficial and type of initial fibre conduction, influence pain sensation. deep somatic pain (skin, subcutis, muscles, joints, bones) Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of physiological nociceptive pathways by E. grosse Beilage (oriented on [3, 21]) Kschonek et al. Porcine Health Management (2025) 11:12 Page 5 of 18 and visceral pain (organs of the thoracic, abdominal, or that has no protective effect and should not be regarded pelvic cavities). Superficial somatic pain is initiated by as a continuation of acute pain [60]. the activation of nociceptors in the skin and mucous membranes, which are highly innervated. Therefore, this Inflammatory pain type of pain is well localized. Deep somatic pain origi- Inflammation is a physiological response of the body to nates from bones, muscles, joints, and connective tissues noxious stimuli, including (surgical) trauma or infection and is less well localized. Visceral pain originates from [56, 61], that is intended to evoke protective behaviour distension of hollow organs, mesenteric traction, ischae- to encourage healing. Inflammatory pain often accom- mia, and endogenous inflammatory mediators [26]. It panies diseases and injuries and is accompanied by a set possesses exclusive characteristics concerning perception of well-defined pathophysiological characteristics. There- and perceived anatomical location: the liver, lung and fore, it