nociceptive sensory testing results than parameters that describe an average, such Afferent nerve sensitisation, resulting in hyperalgesic as weighted frequency and main frequency (Marx et al. responses to sensory stimuli, is considered…
mechanical sensory testing
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nociceptive sensory testing results than parameters that describe an average, such Afferent nerve sensitisation, resulting in hyperalgesic as weighted frequency and main frequency (Marx et al. responses to sensory stimuli, is considered…
…86 Whilst the number of reports of quantitative nociceptive response testing in neonatal piglets post 87 castration are limited, direct sensory testing using needlestick and von Frey stimulation with NRS
…86 Whilst the number of reports of quantitative nociceptive response testing in neonatal piglets post 87 castration are limited, direct sensory testing using needlestick and von Frey stimulation with NRS
…Whilst the number of reports of quantitative nociceptive response testing in neonatal piglets post castration are limited, direct sensory testing using needlestick and von Frey stimulation with NRS grading of the nociceptive…
…Nociceptive responses to mechanisms of pain. Cell. 2009;139(2):267–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. thermal and mechanical stimulations in awake pigs. Eur J Pain. cell.2009.09.028…
…Nociceptive responses to mechanisms of pain. Cell. 2009;139(2):267–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. thermal and mechanical stimulations in awake pigs. Eur J Pain. cell.2009.09.028…
…rank-sum tests); statistical comparisons were performed using S+®. Mechanical sensory response score data were collated by treatment, Audio recording during castration location (cut edge and intact skin), time point and method…
Evaluators, North Coast Medical and Rehabilitation Products, CA USA). This was performed at two sites on the immediate edge of the horn base or wound (Area 1) and two sites on the skin surrounding the horn or wound (Area 2) (Fig 1). Area 2 sites were 2 cm from the edge of the horn base or wound. Von Frey monofilaments are calibrated to bend at a pre-determined pressure. A 75 g/f (light touch) and 300 g/f (pain) monofilament were used to determine allo- dynia and hyperalgesia, respectively. Side (left or right horn) and site were randomised for each repeated measure. Calves were blindfolded during measurement to eliminate visual stimuli and reduce stress and consequent struggling behaviours. Sensitivity was assessed by scoring the behavioural responses of the calves to mechanical stimulation on a numerical rating scale of 0 to 3 adapted from Espinoza et al. [17] whereby: 0 = no response; 1 = mild response including minor withdrawal reflex such as a slight head movement or an ear flick; 2 = moderate response including partial withdrawal reflex such as partial head rotation; and 3 = severe response including full withdrawal reflex such as full head jerk or rotation. Statistical Analysis Sample size calculation was based on the following assumptions: the cornual nerve block and sham treatments will have response scores of 0 or 1, where the topical anaesthetic groups will have median scores 1 or 2, with an assumed standard deviation (SD) of 1.8. Using the equation (a + b)2 x 2(SD)2/(mean1-mean2)2 and assuming a Type 1 error (a) of 5% and a Type 2 error PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0163181 September 20, 2016 4 / 13 Topical Anaesthetic for Dehorning of Calves Fig 1. Sites Subjected to Sensory Testing. Grey stars represent sites on the edge of the horn base or wound
…This is not unexpected as quantitative mechanical sensory testing examines evoked pain responses, which may or may not reflect the degree of “spontaneous” pain an animal experiences from a wound site in…