minimal alveolar concentration (MAC)

vidually: for the induction of anesthesia 5% iso- FFP-LS and Evolution Software, FISO Technologies flurane in oxygen was administered, thereafter con- Inc). Heart rate was determined by electrocardiog- centration was reduced while placing measurements raphy (PLUGSYS module, Transducer Amplifier mod- devices to reach the appropriate isoflurane dose. For ule TAM, heart rate module, HAEMODYN software, sustaining light anesthesia, the anesthetic depth was Hugo Sachs Elektronik–Harvard Apparatus GmbH). evaluated via interdigital pinches. For this purpose, Additionally, oxygen saturation was measured a pean clamp was closed in the interdigital space of via a pulse oximeter (2500A VET, Nonin Medical the posterior claw for a maximum of 5 seconds to a Inc) placed at the base of the piglet’s tail. Body maximum of the first locking position. A single pelvic temperature (PLUGSYS Thermocouple Amplifier limb movement with immediate calming was consid- Module (TCAM), HAEMODYN software, Hugo Sachs ered as correct anesthetic depth and isoflurane con- Elektronik—Harvard Apparatus GmbH), respira- centration was maintained. Isoflurane concentration tory frequency, and end-tidal CO2 were monitored was further reduced by 0.2% if no reaction after the (Vamos® plus, Dräger Medical Deutschland GmbH) interdigital pinch was observed. In case of excessive throughout the anesthesia period. response to the interdigital pinch, the isoflurane con- centration was increased by 0.2%. After a stabilization Local anesthesia and castration period of 3 minutes, the reaction to a further interdig- After implementing all measurement devices and ital pinch was assessed and isoflurane concentration adjusting anesthesia according to Guedel scheme was maintained or in-/decreased again depending III.1, the

vidually: for the induction of anesthesia 5% iso- FFP-LS and Evolution Software, FISO Technologies flurane in oxygen was administered, thereafter con- Inc). Heart rate was determined by electrocardiog- centration was reduced while placing measurements raphy (PLUGSYS module, Transducer Amplifier mod- devices to reach the appropriate isoflurane dose. For ule TAM, heart rate module, HAEMODYN software, sustaining light anesthesia, the anesthetic depth was Hugo Sachs Elektronik–Harvard Apparatus GmbH). evaluated via interdigital pinches. For this purpose, Additionally, oxygen saturation was measured a pean clamp was closed in the interdigital space of via a pulse oximeter (2500A VET, Nonin Medical the posterior claw for a maximum of 5 seconds to a Inc) placed at the base of the piglet’s tail. Body maximum of the first locking position. A single pelvic temperature (PLUGSYS Thermocouple Amplifier limb movement with immediate calming was consid- Module (TCAM), HAEMODYN software, Hugo Sachs ered as correct anesthetic depth and isoflurane con- Elektronik—Harvard Apparatus GmbH), respira- centration was maintained. Isoflurane concentration tory frequency, and end-tidal CO2 were monitored was further reduced by 0.2% if no reaction after the (Vamos® plus, Dräger Medical Deutschland GmbH) interdigital pinch was observed. In case of excessive throughout the anesthesia period. response to the interdigital pinch, the isoflurane con- centration was increased by 0.2%. After a stabilization Local anesthesia and castration period of 3 minutes, the reaction to a further interdig- After implementing all measurement devices and ital pinch was assessed and isoflurane concentration adjusting anesthesia according to Guedel scheme was maintained or in-/decreased again depending III.1, the

…MAC anaesthetic concentrations [46], while reactions due to handling are suppressed. To measure nociception of piglets during injection and castration, Saller et al. [18] chose individual MAC isoflurane anaesthesia for their minimal…

…MAC anaesthetic concentrations [46], while reactions due to handling are suppressed. To measure nociception of piglets during injection and castration, Saller et al. [18] chose individual MAC isoflurane anaesthesia for their minimal…

S. 3436) geändert worden ist. 2021. Available online: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tierschg/BJNR012770972.html (accessed on 31 August 2022). 33. Sassenhagen, J.; Draschkow, D. Cluster-based permutation tests of MEG/EEG data do not establish significance of effect latency or location. Psychophysiology 2019, 56, e13335. [CrossRef] 34. Akeju, O.; Westover, M.B.; Pavone, K.J.; Sampson, A.L.; Hartnack, K.E.; Brown, E.N.; Purdon, P.L. Effects of sevoflurane and propofol on frontal electroencephalogram power and coherence. Anesthesiology 2014, 121, 990–998. [CrossRef] Animals 2022, 12, 2309 17 of 17 35. Kreuzer, M.; Stern, M.A.; Hight, D.; Berger, S.; Schneider, G.; Sleigh, J.W.; Garcia, P.S. Spectral and entropic features are altered by age in the electroencephalogram in patients under sevoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2020, 135, 1003–1016. [CrossRef] 36. Hentschke, H.; Stüttgen, M.C. Computation of measures of effect size for neuroscience data sets. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2011, 34, 1887–1894. [CrossRef] 37. Haga, H.A.; Tevik, A.; Moerch, H. Motor responses to stimulation during isoflurane anaesthesia in pigs. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 2002, 29, 69–75. [CrossRef] 38. Satas, S.; Haaland, K.; Thoresen, M.; Steen, P.A. MAC for halothane and isoflurane during normothermia and hypothermia in the newborn piglet. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 1996, 40, 452–456. [CrossRef] 39. Arras, M.; Autenried, P.; Rettich, A.; Spaeni, D.; Rülicke, T. Optimization of intraperitoneal injection anesthesia in mice: Drugs, dosages, adverse effects, and anesthesia depth. Comp. Med. 2001, 51, 443–456. 40. Le Bars, D.; Gozariu, M.; Cadden, S.W. Animal models of nociception. Pharmacol. Rev. 2001, 53, 597–652. 41. Rintisch, U.; Baars, J.; Lahrmann, K.H. Evaluation of perioperative analgesia

…Minimum alveolar concentra- tion of I-653 and isoflurane in pigs: definition of a supramaximal stimulus. Anesth Analg. 1988; 67: 1174–1176. PMID: 3195734 36. Satas S, Haaland K, Thoresen M, Steen…

…Minimum alveolar concentra- tion of I-653 and isoflurane in pigs: definition of a supramaximal stimulus. Anesth Analg. 1988; 67: 1174–1176. PMID: 3195734 36. Satas S, Haaland K, Thoresen M, Steen…

…The presence of a nociceptive withdrawal reflex induced by also exhibited BSupp at isoflurane concentrations of sub-MAC levels [44]. In general, interdigital pinching is a well-accepted indicator of nociception during…