…of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) for use in animals. http:// Sotocinal SG, Sorge RE, Zaloum A, Tuttle AH, Martin LJ, Wieskopf JS, www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/GuidanceComplianceEnforcement/ Mapplebeck JCS…
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
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…of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) for use in animals. http:// Sotocinal SG, Sorge RE, Zaloum A, Tuttle AH, Martin LJ, Wieskopf JS, www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/GuidanceComplianceEnforcement/ Mapplebeck JCS…
nalgesic treatments in sheep, We recently found that a combination of a topical anaesthetic formu- lation and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), car- profen, significantly reduced the stress and pain…
…10.1411/.1751-0813.2007.001 15.x docking studies.’ Another option for mulesing analgesia may be NSAID Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug the systemic administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs…
ncerning there is no doubt that pigs can sense pain. Hence, treat- common adverse effects on healing [42] or even long- ment will have to include pain alleviation, regardless of term effects are needed [161, 171]. the challenges in clinical pain diagnosis. The list of avail- In addition to NSAIDs, opioids can be successfully able drugs for treating pain in pigs is short, and pain is used to relieve (inflammatory) pain in model studies [38]. not a delimited indication. In this context, the following However, opioids are not licenced for general use in pigs considerations will help generate a protocol for treating [161]. In this respect, additional research is needed to pain in pigs due to spontaneously occurring diseases and broaden the range of potential drugs available for pigs, injuries. Table 3 Licenced NSAIDs and related drugs in Germany Agent Dosage (mg/kg BW) Application (times Application route Maximum duration References a day) treatment (day) Acetaminophen 30 1 [24 h] P.O. (drinking water) 5 [172, 173] Acetylsalicylic acid 30 2 P.O. (feed) 3 [174, 175] 50 1 P.O. (feed) 5–10 Flunixin 2–2.2 1 IM 1–3 [176, 177] Ketoprofen 1.5–3.0/ 1 [24 h]/ P.O. (drinking water)/ 1/ [178–180] 3.0 1 IV, IM 1 (-3) Meloxicam 0.4 1 IM 1 (-2) [181–183] Metamizole 15–50 Once/ P.O./ 1/ [184] 3 [8 h] IM, IV As needed Sodium salicylate 35 1 P.O. (drinking water) 3–5 [185] Tolfenamic acid 2.0 Once IM 1 [186] An example of licenced NSAIDs and related drugs in Germany for application in pigs (modified from VETIDATA, https://vetidata.de). For more information, refer to the search database of the European Medicines Agency (EMA, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines); max. maximum; P.O. Oral; IM Intramuscular; IV Intravenous; p8h every 8 h Kschonek
ncerning there is no doubt that pigs can sense pain. Hence, treat- common adverse effects on healing [42] or even long- ment will have to include pain alleviation, regardless of term effects are needed [161, 171]. the challenges in clinical pain diagnosis. The list of avail- In addition to NSAIDs, opioids can be successfully able drugs for treating pain in pigs is short, and pain is used to relieve (inflammatory) pain in model studies [38]. not a delimited indication. In this context, the following However, opioids are not licenced for general use in pigs considerations will help generate a protocol for treating [161]. In this respect, additional research is needed to pain in pigs due to spontaneously occurring diseases and broaden the range of potential drugs available for pigs, injuries. Table 3 Licenced NSAIDs and related drugs in Germany Agent Dosage (mg/kg BW) Application (times Application route Maximum duration References a day) treatment (day) Acetaminophen 30 1 [24 h] P.O. (drinking water) 5 [172, 173] Acetylsalicylic acid 30 2 P.O. (feed) 3 [174, 175] 50 1 P.O. (feed) 5–10 Flunixin 2–2.2 1 IM 1–3 [176, 177] Ketoprofen 1.5–3.0/ 1 [24 h]/ P.O. (drinking water)/ 1/ [178–180] 3.0 1 IV, IM 1 (-3) Meloxicam 0.4 1 IM 1 (-2) [181–183] Metamizole 15–50 Once/ P.O./ 1/ [184] 3 [8 h] IM, IV As needed Sodium salicylate 35 1 P.O. (drinking water) 3–5 [185] Tolfenamic acid 2.0 Once IM 1 [186] An example of licenced NSAIDs and related drugs in Germany for application in pigs (modified from VETIDATA, https://vetidata.de). For more information, refer to the search database of the European Medicines Agency (EMA, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines); max. maximum; P.O. Oral; IM Intramuscular; IV Intravenous; p8h every 8 h Kschonek
…In addition, recent a result, pain mitigating strategies such as administration of studies suggested unsatisfactory pain mitigation of procaine non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or local administered alone before surgical…
…In addition, recent a result, pain mitigating strategies such as administration of studies suggested unsatisfactory pain mitigation of procaine non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or local administered alone before surgical…
y, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) and local anesthetics are promising products for pain management for large commercial swine systems that can be used in association to control operative and post-operative pain. Meloxicam, a COX-2 specific NSAID, is the most frequently studied NSAID used for castration pain mitigation in piglets (Bates et al., 2014; Baysinger et al., 2021; Bonastre et al., 2016; Burkemper et al., 2020; Enouri et al., 2022; Garcia et al., 2023; Gottardo et al., 2016; Hansson et al., 2011; Keita et al., 2010; Nixon et al., 2021; Viscardi & Turner, 2018) and controls prostaglandin production and pain sensitivity up to 5 hours post-procedure (Engelhardt, 1996; Gottardo et al., 2016). Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels thus preventing an effective action potential from occurring (Hermanns et al., 2019). Local anesthetics like lidocaine are required to be used in many European countries for pain control during castration and function to control pain at the time of the procedure (European Commission, 2017). Although meloxicam administration can be easily implemented on-farm, effective and consistent administration of local anesthetics requires more extensive training (European Commission, 2017; Pérez-Pedraza et al., 2018). More recently, the implementation of a needleless administration system has been explored, and to date, only one publication has assessed the efficacy of a needle-free injection of lidocaine to control castration pain in piglets (M. Sutherland et al., 2017). Needle-free systems offer many advantages in terms of food safety, worker safety and animal welfare. Needle-free systems are relatively cost-effective depending on size of the farm and farm needs and this is mostly due to a reduction
y, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) and local anesthetics are promising products for pain management for large commercial swine systems that can be used in association to control operative and post-operative pain. Meloxicam, a COX-2 specific NSAID, is the most frequently studied NSAID used for castration pain mitigation in piglets (Bates et al., 2014; Baysinger et al., 2021; Bonastre et al., 2016; Burkemper et al., 2020; Enouri et al., 2022; Garcia et al., 2023; Gottardo et al., 2016; Hansson et al., 2011; Keita et al., 2010; Nixon et al., 2021; Viscardi & Turner, 2018) and controls prostaglandin production and pain sensitivity up to 5 hours post-procedure (Engelhardt, 1996; Gottardo et al., 2016). Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels thus preventing an effective action potential from occurring (Hermanns et al., 2019). Local anesthetics like lidocaine are required to be used in many European countries for pain control during castration and function to control pain at the time of the procedure (European Commission, 2017). Although meloxicam administration can be easily implemented on-farm, effective and consistent administration of local anesthetics requires more extensive training (European Commission, 2017; Pérez-Pedraza et al., 2018). More recently, the implementation of a needleless administration system has been explored, and to date, only one publication has assessed the efficacy of a needle-free injection of lidocaine to control castration pain in piglets (M. Sutherland et al., 2017). Needle-free systems offer many advantages in terms of food safety, worker safety and animal welfare. Needle-free systems are relatively cost-effective depending on size of the farm and farm needs and this is mostly due to a reduction