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procaine

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Local Anesthesia in Piglets Undergoing Castration—A Comparative Study to Investigate the Analgesic Effects of Four Local Anesthetics Based on Defensive Behavior and Side Effects 52%
Nora Abendschön; Steffanie Senf; Pauline Deffner; Regina Miller; Andrea Grott; Julia Werner; Anna M. Saller; Judith Reiser; Christine Weiß; Yury Zablotski; Johannes Fischer; Shana Bergmann; Michael H. Erhard; Christine Baumgartner; Mathias Ritzmann; Susanne Zöls · file · #78

…The effects of procaine and lidocaine in piglets undergoing castration have been investigated in various studies [8–13,15] but showed contradictory results. Furthermore, Bonastre et al. [12] investigated the effect of…

Comparative Study of Pain-Related Responses of Male Piglets up to Seven Days of Age to the Application of Different Local Anaesthetics and Subsequent Castration 35%
Franz Josef Söbbeler; Sören Wendt; Andreas Briese; Julia Tünsmeier; Karl-Heinz Waldmann; Sabine Beate Rita Kästner; Alexandra von Altrock · file · #27

…Depending on their pKa local anaesthetics differ in their onset of action, making lidocaine (pKa = 7.8) and mepivacaine (pKa = 7.9) faster acting than procaine (pKa = 9.0) [10]. Procaine has…

Comparative Study of Pain-Related Responses of Male Piglets up to Seven Days of Age to the Application of Different Local Anaesthetics and Subsequent Castration 35%
Franz Josef Söbbeler; Sören Wendt; Andreas Briese; Julia Tünsmeier; Karl-Heinz Waldmann; Sabine Beate Rita Kästner; Alexandra von Altrock · file · #94

…Depending on their pKa local anaesthetics differ in their onset of action, making lidocaine (pKa = 7.8) and mepivacaine (pKa = 7.9) faster acting than procaine (pKa = 9.0) [10]. Procaine has…

Local anesthesia in piglets undergoing castration—A comparative study to investigate the analgesic effects of four local anesthetics on the basis of acute physiological responses and limb movements 3%
Anna M. Saller; Julia Werner; Judith Reiser; Steffanie Senf; Pauline Deffner; Nora Abendschön; Christine Weiß; Johannes Fischer; Andrea Schörwerth; Regina Miller; Yury Zablotski; Shana Bergmann; Michael H. Erhard; Mathias Ritzmann; Susanne Zöls; Christine Baumgartner · file · #20

…The injections included procaine hydrochloride 4% (P, procaine) (procaine hydrochloride 4% —VMD, V.M.D. sa, Arendonk, Belgium), lidocaine hydrochloride 2% (L, lidocaine) (Xyloci- tin1 2%, Mibe GmbH Arzneimittel, Brehna, Germany), bupivacaine…