College of Veterinary Science

) for fire affected livestock. appeared that there was at times conservative decision making That is, if there were livestock requiring euthanasia, it was better when deciding how to treat moderately or severely affected to do this as soon as possible to reduce any possible livestock livestock. Treatment tended to euthanasia as veterinarians were suffering. For example, an interviewed veterinarian stated: risk averse (e.g., welfare) and had various practical considerations to take into account. Many stock may have survived To me that was drawing out a very long, painful process. I guess my their bushfire injuries but for complex reasons (especially theory was go hard, go early and then have that job done to, like, welfare) they were instead euthanized without treatment don’t have to keep going back for return visits. [IV2] being attempted. In particular, complex interconnected issues of gradual However, due to the time taken for the worst pathology to progression of pathology with early assessment of stock develop, this meant that with a single and early visit, decision after being burnt, limited access (i.e., difficulty re-attending making on what to do with animals was based on somewhat stock), limited veterinary resources, professional desire and incomplete information. This is explored further below. responsibilities to alleviate suffering caused conservative decision making by assessing veterinarians. For example, a veterinarian Attitude and Ability of Owners who visited a farm and saw stock that may be able to be retained on the farm with treatment, but where there was a risk of Several veterinarians reported the attitude, resilience and ability further decline in their clinical status, were sometimes more likely of livestock owners to provide the care required

oon; and (iii) an 7 School of Life and Environmental Sciences, untreated control group (C). Appetite scores, lesion healing scores, and changes in The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, dimensions of lesions, were recorded over a 15-day study period. Cattle treated with Australia TS achieved both superior appetite and lesion healing scores with more rapid reduc- Correspondence tion in dimensions of lesions than other groups. Farmer observations indicated the TS Peter A. Windsor, Sydney School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of treatment group had a more rapid return to eating with cessation of excessive saliva- Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia. tion, and more rapid return of mobility (walking) with absence of overt lameness. The Email: peter.windsor@sydney.edu.au findings indicate that although mortality is usually low in FMD outbreaks, the disease is a debilitating and painful disorder with negative animal welfare impacts that should be addressed. All farmers expressed their desire that the product be made available for use in their region and modelling indicates that TS therapy imposes no additional financial burden on farmers, with the treatment likely to be provided at a similar or reduced cost to current treatment choices. As use of antibiotics for treatment of a viral disease potentially increases pressures for development of antimicrobial resist- ance and residues in the food chain, TS as an alternative non-antimicrobial therapy should be promoted for wider use in FMD outbreaks. KEYWORDS animal welfare, Cameroon, cattle, foot-and-mouth disease, therapeutic efficacy This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly

al University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULES), Henerala Rodimtseva 19, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine; getya@ukr.net 8 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture (UNIZG), University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska…

al University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULES), Henerala Rodimtseva 19, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine; getya@ukr.net 8 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture (UNIZG), University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska…

RESEARCH ARTICLE Effect of Topically Applied Anaesthetic Formulation on the Sensitivity of Scoop Dehorning Wounds in Calves Dominique McCarthy*, Peter Andrew Windsor, Charissa Harris, Sabrina Lomax, Peter John White School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia * dominique.mccarthy@sydney.edu.au a11111 Abstract The post-operative effects of three formulations of topical anaesthetic and a cornual nerve block on the sensitivity of scoop dehorning wounds in calves were compared in two trials. In OPEN ACCESS Trial 1, 21 female Holstein dairy calves aged 8 to 24 weeks were randomly allocated to two Citation: McCarthy D, Windsor PA, Harris C, Lomax groups: (1) scoop dehorning with a post-operative application of a novel topical anaesthetic S, White PJ (2016) Effect of Topically Applied powder (DTAP, n = 10); and (2) scoop dehorning with a post-operative application of a Anaesthetic Formulation on the Sensitivity of Scoop novel topical anaesthetic ethanol liquid (DTAE, n = 11). In Trial 2, 18 castrated male and 18 Dehorning Wounds in Calves. PLoS ONE 11(9): female Hereford beef calves aged 16 to 20 weeks were randomly allocated to four groups: e0163181. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163181 (1) scoop dehorning with a pre-operative cornual nerve block of lignocaine (DCB, n = 9); (2) Editor: Francesco Staffieri, University of Bari, ITALY scoop dehorning with a post-operative application of the novel topical anaesthetic ethanol Received: June 7, 2016 liquid from Trial 1 (DTAE, n = 9); (3) scoop dehorning with a post-operative application of a Accepted: September 2, 2016 topical anaesthetic gel (DTAG, n = 9); and (4) sham dehorning (CON, n = 9). Sensitivity was Published: September 20, 2016 assessed by scoring the

PRODUCTION ANIMALS The effect of a topical anaesthetic formulation, systemic flunixin and carprofen, singly or in combination, on cortisol and behavioural responses of Merino lambs to mulesing DR PAULL, C LEE, IG COLDITZ, S$] ATKINSON and AD FISHER CSIRO Livestock Industries, FD McMaster Laboratory, Armidale NSW 2350 Andrew. Fisher@csiro,au } { ulesing is a surgical procedure in which two strips of Objective To determine the pain responses of lambs to mules- skin are cut from the hindquarters of Merino lambs in ing, and the effectiveness of potential analgesic treatments. order to remove wool-bearing wrinkled skin, increase Procedures Merino lambs (n = 64) were allocated at 5 weeks the perineal bare area and reduce the risk of breech strike of age to eight treatment groups: 1) sham mules; 2) conventional throughout life thereafter. The operation is usually performed mules; 3) topical anaesthetic, incorporating lignocaine, bupi- in conjunction with tail docking during the first 12 weeks after vicaine, adrenaline and cetrimide, applied immediately after mulesing; 4) flunixin + topical anaesthetic, with flunixin admini- birth, and is described in the relevant Australian Model Code stered 2.5 mg/kg s.c. 90 min before mulesing; 5) carprofen of Practice for che Welfare of Animals.’ Although, in the years + topical anaesthetic, with carprofen administered 4 mg/kg after its widespread adoption, mulesing was highlighted for its s.c. 90 min before mulesing; 6) carprofen, administered as animal welfare benefits in reducing flystrike,” the practice has above; 7) flunixin, administered as above; and 8) carprofen more recently been the focus of criticism by animal welfare and + flunixin, administered as above. Plasma cortisol was measured animal rights interest groups, at 0, 0.5,

…College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; rmpark@ncsu.edu (R.P.); pairis-garcia@ncsu.edu (M.P.-G.) 2 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary…

…College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; rmpark@ncsu.edu (R.P.); pairis-garcia@ncsu.edu (M.P.-G.) 2 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary…

utónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Martínez-Burnes J, ​Casas-Alvarado A and Mexico, 6 Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Grandin T (2025) Clinical interpretation of 7 Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México body language and behavioral modifications (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico, 8 CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food to recognize pain in domestic mammals. Processing, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura el’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Treviglio, Italy, 9 Exo Front. Vet. Sci. 12:1679966. Research Organization, Potenza, Italy, 10 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, DIMEVET, doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1679966 University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, 11 Division of Biotechnology-Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, COPYRIGHT Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City, Mexico, © 2025 Mota-Rojas, Whittaker, Lanzoni, 12 Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil, 13 Instituto de Bienboire-Frosini, Domínguez-Oliva, Ecología Aplicada, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Chay-Canul, Fischer, Hernández-Avalos, Tamaulipas, Victoria, Mexico, 14 Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Bragaglio, Nannoni, Olmos-Hernández, CO, United States Fernandes Bettencourt, Mora-Medina, Martínez-Burnes, Casas-Alvarado and Grandin. This is an open-access article Nonhuman animals use nonverbal cues to communicate their mental state about distributed under the terms of the Creative positive and negative events, including pain. Pain is a multidimensional process Commons Attribution License (CC BY).

utónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Martínez-Burnes J, ​Casas-Alvarado A and Mexico, 6 Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Grandin T (2025) Clinical interpretation of 7 Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México body language and behavioral modifications (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico, 8 CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food to recognize pain in domestic mammals. Processing, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura el’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Treviglio, Italy, 9 Exo Front. Vet. Sci. 12:1679966. Research Organization, Potenza, Italy, 10 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, DIMEVET, doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1679966 University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, 11 Division of Biotechnology-Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, COPYRIGHT Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City, Mexico, © 2025 Mota-Rojas, Whittaker, Lanzoni, 12 Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil, 13 Instituto de Bienboire-Frosini, Domínguez-Oliva, Ecología Aplicada, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Chay-Canul, Fischer, Hernández-Avalos, Tamaulipas, Victoria, Mexico, 14 Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Bragaglio, Nannoni, Olmos-Hernández, CO, United States Fernandes Bettencourt, Mora-Medina, Martínez-Burnes, Casas-Alvarado and Grandin. This is an open-access article Nonhuman animals use nonverbal cues to communicate their mental state about distributed under the terms of the Creative positive and negative events, including pain. Pain is a multidimensional process Commons Attribution License (CC BY).