rams

…For example, immunizing employed in other livestock animals as an alternative to surgical male animals such as boars, bulls, stallions, rams, bucks, and rats with castration. Its key advantage lies in eliminating…

…For example, immunizing employed in other livestock animals as an alternative to surgical male animals such as boars, bulls, stallions, rams, bucks, and rats with castration. Its key advantage lies in eliminating…

…Castration thetic formulation (Tri-Solfen) with or without the administration permanently prevents the development of behavioural of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (carprofen) on the pain characteristics of male rams such…

…Plasma lignocaine and bupivacaine levels were below the toxic thresholds Two experiments were performed on ram lambs undergoing routine in all tested lambs. tail docking and castration in commercial flocks in the…

…These rams had their bodies), animal welfare and financial compensation for the burns bandaged and dressed and received appropriate food and farmer (farmer welfare). medication (systemic antibiotics and pain relief) over a…

…In Trials 2 and 3, lambs were also surgically tail docked and ram lambs were surgically castrated immediately prior to mulesing. After this, lambs were managed according to one of three trial…

…Persistent orf in a ram. Vet. Rec. 1984, 115, 49. [CrossRef] 31. Lacasta, D.; Ríos, M.; Ruiz de Arcaute, M.; Ortín, A.; Ramos, J.J.; Villanueva-Saz, S.; Tejedor, M.T.; Ruiz…

°° 1416° 1015° 1505°° 1681°° 1805° 175.1 “2° Within row, means without a common superscript are significantly different (P < 0.05), The area under the cortisol curve (AUC) is presented in Table 3. For the period 0 to 6 h, there was no significant difference between the sham mules and the carprofen + topical anaesthetic groups. In the subsequent period (6 to 24h), there was a significant cortisol rise in the carprofen + topical anaesthetic treatment group compared to the sham mules controls, For the overall period 0 to 24h, all the analgesic treatments resulted in AUC values that were different from the sham mules lambs, although the AUC for carprofen + topical anaesthetic was the lowest of the seven treatments incorporating mulesing. Adg(vaeri/aldgnye) Growth All mulesed lambs lost weight over the initial period (Day 0 to 7) after mulesing (P < 0.01), compared with the sham mules group (Figure 3), There was a significant block effect on average daily gain/loss during Day 0 to 7 (P < 0.05). For the second period fos) (Day 7 to 21), growth rates did not differ between treatments. When average daily gain was calculated for the 21 day period ~100 4 following mulesing, there was no significant difference between treatments in growth rates (P > 0.05). Day 0-21 100 4 Behaviour The results of the behavioural observations are presented in Table 4 as least squares estimates, back transformed to the observed scale. Overall, conventional mules lambs spent less -100 time lying and more time standing, particularly with a hunched posture than sham mules lambs in all periods. During the -200 + periods 0 to 4h and 4 to 8 h, Conventional mules lambs spent more time walking with a stiff gait than Sham mules lambs. 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lambs that received carprofen + topical

al procedure was conducted by the farmer who usually did it on the farm, with an additional person applying the topical PR treatment on the lambs that belonged to Group C. The lambs were restrained by the farmer between his legs during the intervention. The time required to perform the whole procedure was recorded. 2.3. Assessment of Pain-Related Behaviour Pain-related behaviour after tail docking was assessed using the NRS developed previously [8]. A trained scientist blinded to treatment with PR, observed the lambs within 5 min following their release into the lot with their mothers, when they could freely express their natural behaviour (R1), 2.5 h (R2) and 5 h (R3) after tail docking. For lambs recovering from GA release occurred within 10 min of completion of the surgery, whereas for lambs without GA, release occurred within a minute following the surgery. Individual lambs were ascribed an NRS score between 0 and 3, where: 0 = no pain-related behaviour; 1 = mildly abnormal posture, gait or behaviour, including mild kyphosis without hyperextension of hindlegs, ventral recumbency with hindlegs partially extended or mild stiffening of gait without overt limping or leg dragging; 2 = moderately abnormal posture, gait or behaviour, including ‘statue standing’ with head down and prominent kyphosis, moderate stiffening or slowing of gait or hyperextension and/or abduction of hindlegs, ventral recumbency with hindlegs fully extended; 3 = displaying severely abnormal posture, gait or behaviour, including marked agitation with twisting or writhing, high frequency of postural change from lying to kneeling or standing, distressed vocalisation, lateral or prostrate lying, kneeling, dog sitting or tremors, shaking or lip curling. All the procedures and the subsequent

diately treated with TS. Pain-related behaviour was assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS) developed previously. A trained scientist blinded to treatment observed the lambs immediately (T0), 2.5h (T1) and 5h (T2) after tail docking. Following the procedure, the animals were examined daily for 15 days, with lesions photographed. This enabled analysis of wound healing after tail- docking and the detection of secondary infections. Behavioural observations identified that groups without GA (A & C) displayed significantly less pain-related behaviours immediately after the procedure, especially if treated with TS (C). Similarly, the mean of days when animals showed no signs of wound infection was longer in the groups not undergoing GA, especially in those treated with TS. Surgical tail-docking without GA but where wounds are immediately sprayed with TS is an affordable and welfare appropriate method of conducting tail docking in lambs, avoiding the unnecessary use of antibiotics. References: Lomax, S., Sheil, M. and Windsor, P.A., 2008. Impact of topical anaesthesia on pain alleviation and wound healing in lambs after mulesing. Australian Veterinary Journal 86, 159–168. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2008.00285.x. Lomax, S., Dickson, H., Sheil, M. and Windsor, P.A., 2010. Topical anaesthesia alleviates short-term pain of castration and tail docking in lambs. Australian Veterinary Journal 88, 67–74. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00546.x. Orihuela. A. and Ungerfeld. R., 2019. Tail docking in sheep (Ovis aries): A review on the arguments for and against the procedure, advantages/disadvantages, methods, and new evidence to revisit the topic. Livestock Science 230, 103837. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103837. Genetic Resources (2021) S1 International Congress on Sheep and